Table 3.
Included studies (N = 79) and associated detailed study, intervention, and implementation strategy information
| N | Author | Country | Research objectives | Description of primary depression intervention (implementing agent; where implemented; modality) | Description of primary implementation strategy (implementing agent; where implemented; ERIC classification) | Primary study design | Phase of implementation research | Depression intervention implementation stage | Implementation outcomes reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abas et al. (2003) | Zimbabwe | Explore barriers and facilitators to care of those with common mental disorders using routinely available data and face-to-face interviews with primary care staff, in public primary care clinics Harare | Multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by nurses at the facility level | Ongoing training conducted by nurses at the facility level | Mixed Methods | T3 | Routine care | Adoption Cost |
| 2 | Abas et al. (2016) | Zimbabwe | Investigate acceptability and implementation of the ‘Friendship Bench Project’ using mixed-methods, 4-8 years after initial pilot study in Zimbabwe | Individual psychotherapy delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Routine care | Acceptability Feasibility Sustainability |
| 3 | Abas et al. (2018) | Zimbabwe | Pilot a task-shifted intervention to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression outcomes in people living with HIV in Zimbabwe | Individual psychotherapy delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility Fidelity |
| 4 | Abi Ramia et al. (2018) | Lebanon | Conduct bottom-up, community-driven qualitative cognitive interviewing from a multi-stakeholder perspective to inform the cultural adaptation of an Internet-delivered mental health intervention in Lebanon | Individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members through technology at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Qualitative | Pre-implementation assessment | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Appropriateness |
| 5 | Adams et al. (2012) | Tanzania | Investigate feasibility of nurse-led antidepressant medication management of depression in an HIV clinic in Tanzania | Medication delivered to community members by nurses at the facility level | Nurses revising professional roles at the facility level | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Fidelity |
| 6 | Adewuya et al. (2018) | Nigeria | Develop and test the feasibility of a primary care worker-led psychological intervention as the main feature of a collaborative stepped care intervention for depression in Nigeria | Multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by multiple providers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Adoption Appropriateness Feasibility Fidelity |
| 7 | Alampay et al. (2019) | Philippines | Examine the feasibility and acceptability of a local adaptation of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program for Filipino school children, facilitated by trained public school teachers | Group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 8 | Alvarado et al. (2012) | Chile | Evaluate a depression intervention implemented in the primary care setting in Chile | Multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by primary care physicians at the facility level | Primary care physicians revising professional roles at the facility level | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | T4-1 | Routine care | Cost Sustainability |
| 9 | Andersen et al. (2016) | South Africa | Pilot a nurse-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (‘Ziphamandla’) to enhance adherence to HIV medication and improve depression in people living with HIV in South Africa | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by nurses at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Fidelity |
| 10 | Araya et al. (2006) | Chile | Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a pilot depression treatment program for low-income women in the primary care setting in Santiago, Chile | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Cost |
| 11 | Araya et al. (2012) | Chile | Evaluate the scale-up of a depression treatment program in the primary care setting in Chile | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by primary care physicians at the facility level | Primary care physicians revising professional roles at the facility level | Mixed Methods | T4-1 | Routine care | Feasibility Cost Sustainability |
| 12 | Asunción Lara et al. (2014) | Mexico | Describe a 4-year study monitoring the use of HDep, (‘Help for Depression’ or ADep, ‘Ayuda Para Depression’), an open access/free web-based, psycho-education, cognitive-behavioral intervention program in Mexico | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by community members at the community level | Community members using mass media at the national level | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-3 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 13 | Lara et al. (2004) | Mexico | Investigate the degree of fidelity with which a psycho-educational intervention for women with depressive symptoms was delivered in Mexico | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by psychologists at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Qualitative | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Fidelity |
| 14 | Atif et al. (2016) | Pakistan | Identify barriers and facilitators to delivering the ‘Barefoot Therapists’ maternal mental health intervention through peer volunteers in Pakistan | Individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers in the community setting | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Qualitative | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 15 | Atif et al. (2017) | Pakistan | Evaluate the adaptation and feasibility of the ‘Mother to Mother’ implementation of the therapy intervention ‘The Thinking Healthy Programme’ among mothers in India and Pakistan | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers in the community setting | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 16 | Beardslee et al. (2011) | Costa Rica | Describe the adaptation of an evidence-based preventive depression-focused intervention for eventual widespread use in Costa Rica | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Qualitative | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 17 | Bella-Awusah et al. (2016) | Nigeria | Determine the effectiveness of a school-based cognitive behavioral therapy program (CBT) on adolescents with depression in southwestern Nigeria | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by psychiatrists at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 18 | Betancourt et al. (2014) | Rwanda | Assess the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention to reduce mental health problems and bolster resilience among children in households affected by caregiver HIV in Rwanda | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by psychologists at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Fidelity |
| 19 | Betancourt et al. (2017) | Rwanda | Pilot the ‘Family Strengthening Intervention’, a family home-visit intervention designed to promote mental health and improve parent-child relationships in families with caregivers living with HIV in Rwanda | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 20 | Burton et al. (2016) | Romania | Conduct a pilot RCT of Help4Mood, an interactive system with an embodied virtual agent (avatar) to assist in self-monitoring of patients receiving treatment for depression in Romania, Spain, and Scotland and the UK and evaluate the system use and acceptability of the pilot | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by technology at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 21 | Buttorff et al. (2012) | India | To carry out an economic evaluation of a task-shifting intervention for the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders in primary-care settings in Goa, India | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers revising professional roles at the facility level | Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Cost Penetration |
| 22 | Chatterjee et al. (2008) | India | Integrate the MANAS intervention, an evidence-based treatment for common mental disorders, into routine primary care in Goa, India | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers revising professional roles at the facility level | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Acceptability Appropriateness Feasibility Penetration |
| 23 | Chibanda et al. (2011) | Zimbabwe | Pilot a task-shifting primary mental health care intervention in a population with a high prevalence of people living with HIV in Zimbabwe | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Feasibility |
| 24 | Chibanda et al. (2016a) | Zimbabwe | Scale-up a depression intervention delivered by lay health workers in primary care facilities in Zimbabwe | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | T4-1 | Routine care | Appropriateness Adoption |
| 25 | Chowdhary et al. (2016) | India | Evaluate The Healthy Activity Program, a lay counselor-delivered treatment for severe depression in India | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Appropriateness Feasibility |
| 26 | Diez-Canseco et al. (2018) | Peru | Design, develop, and test a strategy to promote early detection, optimize referral, and access to treatment of patients with mental disorders attending public primary health care services in Lima, Peru | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by primary care physicians at the facility level | Primary care physicians revising professional roles at the facility level | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Appropriateness Feasibility Penetration |
| 27 | Doumit et al. (2018) | Lebanon | Assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention [Creating Opportunities for Patient Empowerment (COPE)] on depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QOL) in a sample of adolescent refugees in Lebanon | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by multiple providers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 28 | Duffy et al. (2017) | Zimbabwe | Pilot a nurse-led integration of mental health and HIV services in Zimbabwe | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by nurses at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers revising professional roles at the facility level | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-3 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 29 | Dwommoh et al. (2018) | South Africa | Investigate the cost-effectiveness of a brief motivational interviewing (MI) intervention v. a combined intervention of MI and problem-solving therapy (MI-PST) for reducing substance use and depression among patients presenting to emergency departments in South Africa | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Cost |
| 30 | Fisher et al. (2014) | Vietnam | Adapt and field-test the Thinking Healthy Program (THP) for perinatal depression and anxiety treatment in Vietnam | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Appropriateness |
| 31 | Fuhr et al. (2019) | India | Assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Thinking Healthy Programme (THP) when peer-delivered in Goa, India | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by community members at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Cost |
| 32 | Gallegos et al. (2012) | Mexico | Evaluate the effectiveness of the FRIENDS for Life program, a social and emotional skills program implemented in an orphanage in Mexico | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by community members at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 33 | Guo et al. (2018) | China | Implement an mHealth intervention program for people living with HIV in China via the popular social media app WeChat | An education/information intervention delivered to community members through technology at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 34 | Gureje et al. (2015) | Nigeria | Pilot a program integrating mental health into primary care in Osun State, Nigeria | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by multiple providers at the facility level | Multiple providers conducting ongoing training at the facility level | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | T3 | Routine care | Fidelity |
| 35 | Gureje et al. (2019) | Nigeria | Compare high-intensity treatment (HIT) with low-intensity treatment (LIT) for perinatal depression in Nigeria | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by nurses at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Cost |
| 36 | Hashemi et al. (2012) | Iran | Compare the efficacy of nortriptyline with that of fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder in Iran | A medication intervention delivered to community members by primary care physicians at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Control Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Routine care | Acceptability |
| 37 | Isa et al. (2018) | Nigeria | Investigate the effects of a psychological intervention that includes psycho-education and basic elements of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on medication-treated adolescents with depression in Nigeria | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by psychiatrists at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 38 | Janevic et al. (2016) | Bolivia | Evaluate the feasibility of an automated telephonic interactive voice response (IVR) depression self-care service among Bolivian primary care patients | A counseling intervention delivered to community members through technology at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 39 | Jordans et al. (2013) | Burundi | Evaluate the impact of a brief parenting psychoeducation intervention on children's mental health in Burundi | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Controlled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 40 | Jordans et al. (2019) | Nepal | Evaluate the impact of a district mental healthcare plan for depression, psychosis, alcohol use disorder, and epilepsy as part of the Programme for Improving Mental Health Care (PRIME) in Chitwan District, Nepal | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by multiple providers at the multiple levels | Policy-makers developing a formal implementation blueprint at the district level | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-3 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Fidelity Penetration |
| 41 | Khan et al. (2019) | Pakistan | Evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the locally adapted Group Problem Management Plus (PM+) intervention for women in the conflict-affected settings in Swat, Pakistan | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 42 | Maulik et al. (2016) | India | Implement an approach incorporating mobile-based electronic decision support systems (EDSS) to provide services for common mental disorders, combined with a community-based anti-stigma campaign, in Andhra Pradesh, India | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by primary care physicians at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level facilitating the relay of clinical data to providers at the facility level | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 43 | McIntyre et al. (2018) | South Africa | Examine the application of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for HIV-infected individuals in South Africa | An activity-based intervention delivered to community members by primary care physicians at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 44 | Mehrotra et al. (2018) | India | Develop and pilot-test PUSH-D (Practice and Use Self-Help for Depression), a self-help intervention for depression, in an urban setting in India | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by technology at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 45 | Munodawafa et al. (2017) | South Africa | Explore the lay counselor experience of delivering a task-shared psycho-social intervention for perinatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at multiple levels | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Qualitative | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Feasibility Fidelity |
| 46 | Murray et al. (2014) | Multiple (Iraq; Thailand) | Describe the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) for adults presenting with mood or anxiety problems developed specifically for use with lay counselors in low- and middle-income countries | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by community members at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Adoption Fidelity |
| 47 | Myers et al. (2019) | South Africa | Examine the feasibility and acceptability of integrating into chronic disease care two approaches to community health worker-delivered mental health counseling in South Africa | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Feasibility |
| 48 | Nakimuli-Mpungu et al. (2014) | Uganda | Assess the feasibility, acceptability and impact on depression, functioning, social support and self-esteem of a manualized culturally sensitive group support psychotherapeutic intervention for depressed HIV-affected Ugandan adults | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Controlled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 49 | Nakimuli-Mpungu et al. (2017) | Uganda | Evaluate the effectiveness of a group support psychotherapy for depression treatment among people with HIV/AIDS in northern Uganda | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility Fidelity |
| 50 | Naveen et al. (2013) | India | Develop and pilot a yoga therapy module for patients with depression in India | An activity-based intervention delivered to community members by community members at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Appropriateness |
| 51 | Oladeji et al. (2015) | Nigeria | Pilot a stepped care intervention package for depression in the primary care setting in Nigeria | A multi-component intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers revising professional roles at the facility level | Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Appropriateness Feasibility Fidelity |
| 52 | Patel et al. (2017) | India | Pilot The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counselor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Fidelity Cost |
| 53 | Pence et al. (2014) | Cameroon | Adapt measurement-based care for depressed HIV-infected patients in Cameroon and completed a pilot study to assess feasibility, safety, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers creating new clinical terms at the facility level | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Acceptability Fidelity |
| 54 | Petersen et al. (2014) | South Africa | Assess the feasibility of a group-based counseling intervention for HIV-positive patients with depression in primary health care in South Africa using a task shifting approach | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 55 | Rahman, (2007) | Pakistan | Identify challenges and opportunities in developing a psychological intervention for perinatal depression in rural Pakistan | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Pre-implementation assessment | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Appropriateness |
| 56 | Ramaiya et al. (2018) | Nepal | Implement a dialectical behavioral therapy intervention among women with history of suicidality and evaluate its feasibility and acceptability | A group psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 57 | Sava et al. (2009) | Romania | Assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of cognitive therapy (CT), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), and fluoxetine (Prozac) for major depressive disorder (MDD) in Romania | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by multiple providers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Cost |
| 58 | Seedat et al. (2008) | South Africa | Pilot a consumer psychoeducation program to improve antidepressant adherence in South Africa | A medication intervention delivered to community members by multiple providers at the facility level | Community members distributing education materials at the community level | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 59 | Shidhaye et al. (2017) | India | Assess whether implementation of the community mental health program VISHRAM was associated with an increase in the proportion of people with depression who sought treatment in India | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by multiple providers at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers increasing demand at the community level | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Cost |
| 60 | Shinde et al. (2013) | India | Perform a qualitative analysis of the intervention experience of the MANAS trial, a lay counselor led collaborative stepped care intervention in Goa, India | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by multiple providers at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers revising professional roles at the facility level | Qualitative | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Acceptability |
| 61 | Sikander et al. (2019) | Pakistan | Adapt the Thinking Healthy Programme (THP) for delivery by volunteer peers and assess its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in Rawalpindi, Pakistan | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by community members at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Cost |
| 62 | Singla et al. (2014) | India | Evaluate a peer-led quality assessment of psychological treatments in Goa, India | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers providing clinical supervision at the facility level | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-3 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Fidelity |
| 63 | Smith Fawzi et al. (2012) | Haiti | Examine the feasibility and assess the preliminary effectiveness of a psychosocial support group intervention for HIV-affected youth and their caregivers in central Haiti | A group counseling intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 64 | Sorsdahl et al. (2015) | South Africa | Evaluate feasibility and preliminary responses to a screening and brief intervention program for maternal mental disorders within the context of primary care in South Africa | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Feasibility |
| 65 | Sullivan et al. (2016) | Mexico | Describe the process of culturally adapting and disseminating the Community Advocacy Project to improve depression among survivors of intimate partner violence in Monterrey, Mexico | A counseling intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 66 | Surjaningrum et al. (2018) | Indonesia | Examine the feasibility of an integrated mental health task-sharing intervention focused on identifying perinatal depression in Surabaya, Indonesia | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers revising professional roles at the community level | Qualitative | Pre-implementation assessment | Routine care | Appropriateness |
| 67 | Tang et al. (2015) | China | Explore the advantages and challenges of implementing a village doctor-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention in treating late-life depression in rural China | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Qualitative | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Appropriateness Feasibility Fidelity |
| 68 | Tewari et al. (2017) | India | Implement a mental health services delivery model that leverages technology and task sharing to facilitate identification and treatment of common mental disorders in rural Andhra Pradesh, India | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by primary care physicians at the facility level | Non-specialist healthcare workers facilitating the relay of clinical data to providers at the community level | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-3 | Routine care | Acceptability Feasibility Fidelity |
| 69 | Tiburcio et al. (2016) | Mexico | Develop and evaluate the usability of the web-based Help Program for Drug Abuse and Depression in Mexico | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members through technology at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Qualitative | Pre-implementation assessment | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Appropriateness Feasibility |
| 70 | Tomita et al. (2016) | South Africa | Assess the feasibility of SMS-based methods to screen for depression risk among refugees in South Africa and to compare its reliability and acceptability with face-to-face consultation | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by multiple providers at the facility level | Technology facilitating relay of clinical data to nurses at the community level | Quasi-Experimental – Uncontrolled Pre-Post | Hybrid Type-3 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 71 | Tripathy et al. (2010) | India | Assess the effects of participatory women's groups on birth outcomes and maternal depression in a largely tribal and rural population in three districts in eastern India | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by community members at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial |
Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Cost |
| 72 | Vicente et al. (2007) | Chile | Evaluated the results of a brief 2-day educational training program for Chilean primary care physicians to improve diagnosis and treatment of depression | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by primary care physicians at the facility level | Primary care physicians conducting ongoing training at the facility level | Quasi-Experimental – Controlled Pre-Post | T4-1 | Routine care | Acceptability |
| 73 | Walker et al. (2018) | Nepal | Assess the feasibility and acceptability of a psychosocial support package for people receiving treatment for multidrug-resistant TB in Nepal | A multicomponent intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 74 | Watt et al. (2017) | Tanzania | Evaluate a psychological intervention for women receiving surgical care for obstetric fistula in Tanzania | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by nurses at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Fidelity |
| 75 | Weobong et al. (2017) | India | Evaluate the sustained effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Healthy Activity Programme, a brief psychological treatment for depression delivered by lay counselors in primary care in India | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Cost |
| 76 | Yang et al. (2018) | China | Develop and test a culturally tailored, brief three-session CBT skills-based intervention for HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM) integrated into primary care in China | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by psychologists at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Feasibility |
| 77 | Yang et al. (2019) | China | Test the feasibility and acceptability of an 8-week online mindfulness intervention for pregnant women as an approach to reduce depressive and anxious symptoms in China | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by technology at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 78 | Yeung et al. (2018) | China | Examine the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of using an online computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating patients with depression in China | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by technology at the facility level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Individual-level Randomized Controlled Trial | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability |
| 79 | Zafar et al. (2014) | Pakistan | Develop and integrate a cognitive behavioral therapy-based maternal psychosocial well-being intervention (the five-pillars approach) into a child nutrition and development program in Pakistan | An individual psychotherapy intervention delivered to community members by non-specialist healthcare workers at the community level | Primary focus is evaluating depression intervention | Mixed Methods | Hybrid Type-1 | Pilot researcher-controlled implementation | Acceptability Appropriateness Feasibility Fidelity |