Table 3.
Vaccines under development for COVID-19 according to the WHO as of March 13, 2020
(adapted from [93])
| Vaccine | Target | Producing entity (country) |
|---|---|---|
| Inactivated virus/alum | All structural proteins of the virus | Sinovac Biotech (China) |
| Virus-like particle (VLP) | Unknown | Medicago (Canada), ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS (Denmark), Griffith University (Australia) |
| Protein nanoparticles/Matrix-M | S glycoprotein | Novavax/Emergent Biosolutions (USA) |
|
Non-replicating viral vector (adenovirus, chimeric chimpanzeeadenovirus, MVA*) *Vaccine expressing a VLP |
S glycoprotein/unknown | Altimmune (USA), University of Oxford (UK), CanSino Biologics/Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (China), Vaxart (USA), Greffex (USA), Janssen Pharmaceutical (Belgium), GeoVax/BravoVax (USA/China) |
| RNA-based vaccine, RNA vaccine encoding VLP | S glycoprotein/unknown | Moderna/NIAID (USA), CureVac (Germany), Imperial College London (UK), Arcturus Therapeutics/Duke-NUS Medical School (USA), Fudan University/Shanghai JiaoTong University/RNACure Biopharma (China), China CDC/Tongji University/Stermina (China), BioNTech/Fosum Pharma/Pfizer (Germany/China/USA) |
| DNA-based vaccine | S glycoprotein/unknown | Inovio Pharmaceuticals (USA), Zydus Cadila (India), Takis Biotech/Applied DNA Sciences/Evvivax (USA/Italy), Sanofi Pasteur/BARDA (France/USA) |
| Protein subunit | S glycoprotein and peptides/unknown | WRAIR/USAMRIID (USA), Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK (China/UK), Vaxil Bio (Israel), Generex/EpiVax, EpiVax/University of Georgia (Canada/USA), Sanofi Pasteur (France), University of Queensland (Australia), Baylor College of Medicine/New York Blood Center (USA), Fudan University (China), iBio Pharma/CC-Pharming (USA/China), AJ Vaccines (Denmark), Heat Biologics/University of Miami (USA) |
| Live attenuated virus | All proteins of the virus | Codagenix/Serum Institute of India (USA/India) |
| Replicating viral vector (measles, horsepox) | Unknown | Zydus Cadila (India), Pasteur Institute/Themis/University of Pittsburg (France/USA), Tonix Pharma/Southern Research (USA) |
| Unknown | Unknown | University of Pittsburgh (USA), University of Saskatchewan (Canada), MIGAL Galilee Research Institute (Israel), Peter Doherty Institute (Australia), Academy of Military Medical Sciences (China), Tulane University (USA), Flinders University/Vaxine Pty Ltd (Australia) |