Table 1.
General characteristics of the studies.
| Author, Year and Country | Study Design | Duration | Sample | Age and Gender | Type of Salivary Flow Rate | Saliva Sampling | Hyposalivation | Xerostomia Assessment | Type of Antihypertensive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ben-Aryeh et al., 1981, Israel [29] | Clinical trial | 6 weeks | 10 CG 10 HT |
12 female/8 male Mean age 54 years |
UWS | 8–9 am Spitting method 10 min |
- | - | β-Adrenergic blocker (Pindolol) |
| Van Hoof et al., 1983, The Netherlands [27] | Clinical trial | 1 day | 23 CG 19 HT |
42 Male 22–34 years |
UWS | 15 min cotton-wool method by. Dollery et al. |
- | - | β-Adrenergic blocker (Propanolol) α-Adrenergic blocker (Phentolamine) |
| Streckfus et al., 1994, USA [24] | Case-control study | - | 15 CG 20 HT |
NT: 9 female/ 6 male Mean age 69.5 years HCTZ: 10 female/10 male Mean age 68.5 years |
SPS | 8–12 am Carlson–Crittenden cups: parotid | - | - | Diuretic (HCTZ) |
| Nederfors et al., 1995, Sweden [28] | Double blind, cross-over randomized trial | 3 months | 24 Healthy patients: Placebo Captopril |
13 female/ 11 male Mean age 24 years |
UWS SWS SPS SSS |
7.30–8.30 am UWS: Spitting method 5 min SWS: Spitting method paraffin chewing 5min SPS: Modified Carlson–Crittenden cups SSS: Nederfors modified device 7.30–8.30 am |
- | - | ACE inhibitors (Captopril) |
| Nederfors et al., 2004, Sweden [20] | Cross- over clinical trial | 3 months | 12 Healthy patients: Placebo Thiazide Furosemide |
12 female Mean age 28 years |
UWS SWS SPS SSS |
UWS: Spitting method 5 min SWS: Spitting method paraffin chewing 5min SPS: Modified Carlson–Crittenden cups SSS: Nederfors modified device |
- | VAS | Diuretic (Thiazide, furosemide) |
| Tahrir et al., 2006, Irak [30] | Clinical trial | 4 weeks | 48 HT treated with atenolol 48 CG |
20 male /28 female Mean age 49 years |
UWS | 8–9 am Spitting method 10 min |
- | - | β-Adrenergic blockers: Atenolol |
| Nonzee et al., 2012, Thailand [25] | Case-control study | - | 200 HT 200 CG |
CG: 118 female/ 82 male Mean age 58.82 ± 7.84 years HT: 104 female/96 male Mean age 62.41 ± 8.75 years |
SWS | 8–12 am UWS: Modified Schirmer test: 3 min SWS: Spitting method paraffin chewing 5min |
Fontana et al. Hyposalivation SWS was diagnosed if the color of Schirmer text moved 25 mm at 3 min | Xerostomia questionnaire Fox et al. + VAS | β-Adrenergic blockers (Propanolol, atenolol) Diuretic (HCTZ) ACE inhibitors (Enalapril) Calcium channel blocker (Amlodipine) |
| Muñoz et al., 2012, Chile, [21] | Case-control study | - | 14 HT 10 CG |
Gender not available Age not available |
UWS | Not available 1 min |
- | - | Diuretics |
| De la luz et al., 2013, Mexico [17] | Case-control study | - | 440 Patients: CG HT |
268 female/ 172 male Mean age 68.34 ± 6.19 years |
UWS SWS |
Morning UWS: Spitting method 3 min SWS: Spitting method Chewing no available 5min |
UWS < 0.15 mL/min SWS < 0.5 mL/min |
Modified Sreebney and Fox questionnaire | Not available |
| Kagawa et al., 2013, Japan [26] | Case-control study | - | 96 CG 9 Normotensive treated with antihypertensives drugs 18 HT |
92 female/73 male Mean age 66.6 years |
UWS SWS |
10 am-3 pm UWS: Spitting method 5 min SWS: Spitting method paraffin chewing 2 min |
- | - | Not available |
| Prasanthi et al., 2014, India [11] | Case-control study | - | 50 CG 50 HT |
CG 27 female/23 male Mean age 43.9 ±2.4 years HT 23 female/27 male Mean age 46.3 ±2.7 years |
UWS SWS |
9–10 am UWS: Spitting method 5 min SWS: Spitting method paraffin chewing 5 min |
UWS<0.3 mL/min SWS<0.7 mL/min |
- | Diuretics |
| Ivanovski et al., 2015, Republic of Macedonia [22] | Case-control study | - | 30 CG 30 HT |
Gender not available 30–70 years |
UWS | Navazesh method 10 min. |
USW<0.2 mL/min | - | Diuretic β-Adrenergic blockers α-Adrenergic blocker ACE inhibitors Calcium channel blocker Heart glycosides Antihypertensives drugs with central effect |
| Nimma et al. 2016, India [23] | Case-control study | - | 20 CG 20 HT |
Gender not available 60–75 years |
UWS SWS |
Moment no available UWS: Spitting method 5 min SWS: Spitting method paraffin chewing 5 min |
- | - | Not available |
UWS (unstimulated whole saliva), SWS (stimulated whole saliva), SPS (stimulated parotid saliva), USS (unstimulated submandibular/sublingual saliva), SSS (stimulated submandibular/sublingual saliva), HT (hypertension treated with antihypertensives), GC (control group), DM (diabetes mellitus), HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide), BD (blood pressure).