Table 3.

Outcomes of engagement using mHealth interventions.

Review and included studies		Disease	Study period (months)	mHealth type	Non-mHealth	Result
Hamilton et al [28]
	Scherr D, 2006 [37]	Sa1: CHFb; S2: HTc	3	Clinical app	TCd Blood pressure automatic monitor	S1: 94%; S2: 84%; follow-up >90 days
	Scherr D, 2009 [31]	S/TC: CHF	6	Clinical app, email	TC	S: 95% adherence
	Worringham C, 2011 [36]	S: ACSe TC: none	1.5	Real-time monitoring post exercise sessions, emergency mobile phone contact	none	87% of sessions (outdoor walking-based exercise program) completed
	Blasco A, 2012 [32]	S/TC: CVDf and risk factorsg	12	Wireless app protocol, web portal	TC	98% completed >50% of sessions; 83% completed >75% of sessions
	Seto E, 2012 [35]	S: CHF	6	Clinical app, email, text messages, website	TC Telephone contact	S: 50% adherence in 80% of patients; 80% adherence in 66% of patients; 95% adherence in 32% of patients; follow-up >180 days
	Varnfield M, 2014 [34]	S/TC: myocardial infarction	6	Smartphone	TC Qualitative patient and clinician feedback	S: 94% adherence; TC: 68% adherence (P<.05)
	Forman D, 2014 [38]	S: CHF TC: none	1	Heart coach app	TC Qualitative patient and clinician feedback	90% daily engagement with technology
Nelson et al [30]
	Fischer H, 2012 [39]	S: diabetes II	3	Text message reminder for blood glucose measurements	None	S: 79% of users responded regularly to >50% of blood glucose reminder message prompts
Perski et al [29]
	Glasgow R, 2011 [33]	S1: diabetes II; S2: diabetes II	6	S1/S2: computer-assisted self-management program with human support	None	S1: 66% visits 0-6 weeks, 74% visits 6 weeks to 4 months (P=.14); S2: 44% visits 0-6 weeks, 51% visits 6 weeks to 4 months (P=.22)
	Arden-Close E, 2015 [40]	S: BMI >30 with HT or diabetes	6-12	Web weight management intervention	None	47% access to core sessions; 47% access to optional sessions; 3% no access

^aS: mHealth study group.

^bCHF: congestive heart failure.

^cHT: hypertension.

^dTC: traditional control group.

^eACS: acute coronary syndrome.

^fCVD: cardiovascular disease.

^gRisk factors include tobacco smoking, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol≤100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L), hypertension, or diabetes mellitus.