Table 5.

Description of analyzed studies on physical activation, according to the PICOS ¹ method.

Study	Participants	Interventions	Comparisons	Outcomes	S. Design
Turley, et al. (2008) [28]	40 children; ages 7–9	Caffeine administration: 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg/day	Caffeine vs. placebo: ergometry, blood pressure, and cardiac frequency 60 minutes before exercise	Caffeine increases BP 2 and reduces HR 3	Randomized double blind placebo control counter-balanced
Turley et al. (2014) [29]	26 children (male); ages 8–10	Caffeine administration: 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg/day	Caffeine vs. placebo: static handgrip and ergometry	Caffeine provides greater strength and physical performance	Randomized double blind placebo control counter-balanced

¹ PICOS = P: participants; I: interventions; C: comparisons; O: outcomes; S: study design. ² BP = Blood pressure. ³ HR = Heart rate.