Table 2.
Respiratory cases: demographic, clinical, laboratory findings, and outcome.
| Variable | n = 58 |
|---|---|
| Sex (%) | |
| Male | 69% |
| Female | 31% |
| Age in years median (IQR) | 23 (19–33) |
| Dual user (e-cig+ combustible cigarette) | |
| Yes | 10% |
| No | 16% |
| Unspecified | 74% |
| E-cig for cessation | |
| Yes | 13% |
| No | 71% |
| Unspecified | 16% |
| Medical history (%) | |
| No medical history | 66% |
| Asthma/ Allergy | 21% |
| Other * | 14% |
| Substances used (%) | |
| CBD/THC | 36% |
| CBD/THC and Nicotine | 10% |
| CBD/THC and unknown liquid | 10% |
| Nicotine | 3% |
| Unknown/unspecified liquid | 40% |
| Symptoms (%) | |
| Dyspnea | 83% |
| Cough | 59% |
| Dyspnea and Cough | 53% |
| Chest pain | 22% |
| Hemoptysis | 9% |
| Fever | 40% |
| Respiratory arrest | 5% |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 26% |
| CT (%)—available for 52 cases | |
| GGO | 38% |
| GGO + consolidation | 12% |
| Opacities | 10% |
| Multiple nodules | 6% |
| GGO + multiple nodules | 6% |
| Other | 28% |
| Interventions | |
| High flow nasal cannula therapy | 18% |
| Intubation/ mechanical ventilation | 31% |
| ECMO | 15% |
| Bronchoscopy | 78% |
| Diagnosis | |
| EVALI | 26% |
| Organizing pneumonia/BOOP/Respiratory bronchiolitis | 21% |
| Lipoid pneumonia | 16% |
| Eosinophilic pneumonia | 7% |
| Pneumothorax | 7% |
| Hypersensitivity pneumonitis | 5% |
| Organizing pneumonia and lipoid pneumonia | 5% |
| Asthma exacerbation | 3% |
| ARDS | 2% |
| ARDS-DAD-Organizing pneumonia | 2% |
| DAH | 2% |
| EVALI and secondary pneumothorax | 2% |
| Epiglottitis | 2% |
| Possible EVALI on asthma grounds | 2% |
| Corticosteroid administration | 73% |
| Outcome | |
| Recovered | 83% |
| Discharged but hospitalized again | 5% |
| Persisting complications | 10% |
| Deceased | 2% |
Abbreviations: CBD: Cannabidiol, THC: Tetrahydrocannabinol, GGO: Ground-glass opacities, ECMO: extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, BOOP: Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, EVALI: E-Vaping Acute Lung Injury, ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome, DAD: diffuse alveolar damage, DAH: diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. * Other medical history includes: Inflammatory bowel disease, Congenital dysmorphism with thrombocytopenia, anemia, Hashmimoto’s thyroid, diabetes, cancer, seizure disorder, and hypertension.