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. 2020 Mar 30;21(7):2387. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072387
3R’s Reduces, Refines, or Replaces
ACD Autophagic Cell Death
AgNPs Silver Nanoparticles
AMPK AMP Kinase
AOP Adverse Outcome Pathway
AuNPs Gold Nanoparticles
BBB Blood–Brain Barrier
BPR Biocidal Products Regulations
CLP Classification, Labelling and Packaging
CuONPs Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
DMH Dimethylhydrazine
ECVAM European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
ER Endoplasmic Reticulum
FADD Fas-Associated Protein with Death Domain
GIT Gastrointestinal Tract
INRA French National Institute for Agricultural Research
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LMP Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization
NCI National Cancer Institute
NCL Nanotechnology Characterization Lab
NMs Nanomaterials
NRC National Research Council
OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
PDT Photodynamic Therapy
REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
SC Stratum Corneum
SCCS Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
SEURAT Safety Evaluation Ultimately Replacing Animal Testing
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
TiO2NPs Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
TT21C Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century
UV Ultraviolet
UV-light Ultraviolet Light
ZnONPs Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles