Figure 4.
Protein–protein interaction studies using the PTES. (A) Yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H) of proteins encoded by CsPI and CsAP3. (B) Vectors used for bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays were obtained by cloning the full-length CDSs of CsAP3 and CsPI into the vectors pSPYNE-35S and pSPYCE-35S, respectively. (C) Fusion proteins CsAP3-YFPn and CsPI-YFPc were co-expressed in Cymbidium protoplasts and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) signals were detected in nuclei where the DAPI signal presented, while negative controls did not produce any BiFC fluorescence; (D) BiFC assays were also carried out in N. benthamiana leaves and strong YFP signals were observed in the protoplasts, especially in the nuclei. Bar = 10 μm.