Table 5. Clinical Measures and Outcomes for Patients Discharged Alive, Dead, and In Hospital at Study End Point by Age .
| Clinical measure | Total discharged alive and dead patients (N = 2634) | Discharged alive | Died | In hospital | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <18 y (n = 32) | 18-65 y (n = 1373) | >65 y (n = 676) | <18 y (n = 0) | 18-65 y (n = 134) | >65 y (n = 419) | <18 (n = 14) | 18-65 (n = 1565) | >65 (n = 1487) | ||
| Invasive mechanical ventilationa | 320 (12.2) | 0 | 33 (2.4) | 5 (0.7) | NA | 107 (79.9) | 175 (41.8) | 4 (28.6) | 449 (28.7) | 378 (25.4) |
| ICU care | 373 (14.2) | 2 (6.3) | 62 (4.5) | 18 (2.7) | NA | 109 (81.3) | 182 (43.4) | 5 (35.7) | 490 (31.3) | 413 (27.8) |
| Absolute lymphocyte count at nadir, median (IQR), ×109/L (reference range, 1.0-3.3) | 0.8 (0.5-1.14) | 2.3 (1.2-5.0) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) | NA | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) | 2.0 (1.0-3.5) | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) |
| No. | 2626 | 32 | 1371 | 675 | 134 | 417 | 3 | 1564 | 1486 | |
| Acute kidney injuryb | 523 (22.2) | 1 (11.1) | 93 (7.5) | 82 (13.1) | NA | 98 (83.8) | 249 (68.4) | 2 (14.3) | 388 (25.5) | 457 (34.5) |
| No. | 2351 | 8 | 1237 | 624 | 117 | 364 | 8 | 1400 | 1326 | |
| Kidney replacement therapy | 81 (3.2) | 0 | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | NA | 43 (35.0) | 35 (8.8) | 0 | 82 (5.4) | 62 (4.4) |
| Acute hepatic injuryc | 56 (2.1) | 0 | 3 (0.2) | 0 | NA | 25 (18.7) | 28 (6.7) | 0 | 21 (1.3) | 12 (0.8) |
| No. | 1371 | 675 | 134 | 417 | 3 | 1564 | 1486 | |||
| Outcomes | ||||||||||
| Length of stay, median (IQR), dd | 4.1 (2.3-6.8) | 2.0 (1.7-2.8) | 3.8 (2.3-6.2) | 4.5 (2.7-7.2) | NA | 5.5 (2.9-8.4) | 4.4 (2.1-7.1) | 4.0 (2.4-6.2) | 4.8 (2.5-8.1) | 4.4 (2.3-8.0) |
| Discharged alive | 3.9 (2.4-6.7) | |||||||||
| Died | 4.8 (2.3-7.4) | |||||||||
| Died | 553 (21) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | N/A |
| Died, of those who did not receive mechanical ventilation | 271/2314 (11.7) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Died, of those who did receive mechanical ventilation | 282/320 (88.1) | |||||||||
| Readmittede | 45 (2.2) | 1 (3.1) | 22 (1.6) | 22 (3.3) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Discharge disposition of 2081 patients discharged alive | ||||||||||
| No. | 2081 | |||||||||
| Home | 1959 (94.1) | 32 (100) | 1345 (98.0) | 582 (86.1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Facilities (ie, nursing home, rehab) | 122 (5.9) | 0 | 28 (2.0) | 94 (13.9) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable.
Policy in the system has been not to treat patients with COVID-19 with bilevel positive airway pressure and continuous positive airway pressure out of concern for aerosolizing virus particles and therefore that information is not reported here.
Acute kidney injury was identified as an increase in serum creatinine by ≥0.3 mg/dL (≥26.5 mol/L) within 48 hours or an increase in serum creatinine to ≥1.5 times baseline within the prior 7 days compared with the preceding 1 year of data in acute care medical records. Acute kidney injury is calculated only for patients with record of baseline kidney function data available and without a diagnosis of end-stage kidney disease.
Acute hepatic injury was defined as an elevation in aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase of >15 times the upper limit of normal.
Length of stay begins with admission time and ends with discharge time or time of death. It does not include time in the emergency department.
Data are presented here for readmission during the study period, March 1 to April 4, 2020.