Table 3. Results of Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis.
| Variable | Univariable | Multivariablea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| DOAC use (vs warfarin) | 2.71 (1.31-5.57) | .01 | 2.64 (1.28-5.43) | .01 |
| Prior SSE | 2.13 (1.22-3.72) | .01 | 2.07 (1.17-3.66) | .01 |
| Thrombus mobility | 1.80 (0.96-3.38) | .07 | 1.52 (0.80-2.87) | .20 |
| Patient age | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | .19 | NA | NA |
| White ethnicity (vs other) | 1.57 (0.91-2.70) | .10 | NA | NA |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy (vs nonischemic) | 0.89 (0.51-1.55) | .69 | NA | NA |
| Body mass index | 1.02 (0.99-1.06) | .16 | NA | NA |
| Estimated GFR | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | .61 | NA | NA |
| History | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.94 (0.49-1.79) | .85 | NA | NA |
| Venous thromboembolism | 1.03 (0.52-2.06) | .93 | NA | NA |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 0.98 (0.70-1.36) | .90 | NA | NA |
| Bridging anticoagulation | 0.96 (0.45-2.00) | .90 | NA | NA |
| Presenting embolism | 1.46 (0.73-2.91) | .28 | NA | NA |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | 1.00 (0.97-1.02) | .69 | NA | NA |
| Thrombus size | 1.05 (0.95-1.18) | .35 | NA | NA |
| Pedunculated or protruding thrombus morphologic characteristics | 1.00 (0.31-3.22) | .99 | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; SSE, stroke or systemic embolism.
a
In multivariable analysis, anticoagulation with DOAC (vs warfarin) and prior SSE were factors significantly associated with SSE. These were included in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, along with thrombus mobility, which was not a factor significantly associated with SSE in a univariable model but, with P < .10, met prespecified criteria for inclusion. In the multivariable model, prior SSE and anticoagulation with a DOAC were significantly associated with subsequent SSE.