αSMA	α-smooth muscle actin
Ang	angiotensin
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
BMP2	bone morphogenetic protein2
C/EBP	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein
CAD	coronary artery disease
CBFA1	core-binding factor α-1
CD	cluster of differentiation
Cdk-2	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
CKD	chronic kidney disease
CXCL1	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1
CXCL12	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12
CYP24A1	Cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1
EPCs	endothelial progenitor cells
FGF23	Fibroblast growth factor 23
Gli1	The Human Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog 1
HIF-1-alpha	hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha
IL-1	interleukin 1
IL-6	Interleukin-6
KDR	kinase insert domain receptor
LDL	low-density lipoprotein
M1 macrophage	classically activated macrophage
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MGP	matrix Gla protein
miR	MicroRNA
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
MSCs	mesenchymal stem cells
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
mTORC1	mechanistic target of Rapamycin complex 1
mTORC2	mechanistic target of Rapamycin complex 2
MV	Matrix vesicle
NF-kB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B
NG-2	Neural/glial antigen 2
PDGFR	Platelet-derived growth factor receptors
PDGFRβ	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta
PPAR-ɣ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
RAAS	renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Sca-1	stem cell antigen 1
SGK-1	serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1
Smad 1/5/8	Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1/5/8
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
UVB	ultraviolet B
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VSMC	vascular smooth muscle cell
Wnt	Wingless-INT