Akt	protein kinase B
CGRP	calcitonin gene-related peptide
DRG	dorsal root ganglion
FDR	fructose-drinking rats
GSK-3-β	glycogen synthase kinase-3β
IB4	Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin B4
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor 1
InsR	insulin receptor
IRS	insulin receptor substrate
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
NG	nodose ganglion
NGF	nerve growth factor
NOD	non-obese diabetic
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
PKC	protein kinase C
PSN	primary sensory neuron
SNIRKO	sensory neuron insulin receptor knock out
SP	substance P
TrkA	tropomyosin kinase A
TRPV1	transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1