Table 1.

Effects of curcumin on inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and invasion.

Action	Model	Effect	Reference
Inflammation	Nx rats	Reduction of NF-kappaB	[102]
	Rat liver	TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6 and TGF-beta	[103]
	Mice macrophages	NF-κB pathway, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8	[104,105]
	Human eutopic endometrial stromal cells	chemokines, cytokines and NF-κB pathway	[113]
	Human myeloid ML-1a cells	Blockage of I-κB phosphorylation	[106]
	Intestinal epithelial cells	the inactivation of I-κB kinase complex	[107]
Oxidative stress	Mice	Reduction of ROS serum and lipid peroxidation	[114]
	Mice	Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation	[115]
	Nx rats	Regulation of NrF2-Keap1	[102]
	Mice macrophages	Diminution of NO synthase expression	[116]
	lymphocytes	Increase of glutathione and superoxide dismutase	[117]
Angiogenesis	Ectopic endometrium	Reduction of VEGF	[118]
	Ovarian cancers	Reduction of VEGF	[119]
Invasion and Adhesion	Serum mice with endometriosis	Reduction of MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression	[120,121]
	Human endometriotic stromal cells	Reduction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression	[94]
	Endometriotic lesions	Reduction of TIMP-1 expression	[115]
	Fibrosarcoma cells	Reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9	[122]
Apoptosis	BALB-mice	Increase ratio Baw/Bcl-2, increase cytochrome c and caspase 9	[121]
	Rat experimental models	Decrease of weight and volume of endometriotic tissues	[118]
	Endometriotic cells of mice	Diminution of Bcl-2 expression, diminution of mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2	[123]