Table 3.
Answers given by families about their children’s visual habits.
| TOTAL | Bad Academic Performance | Good Academic Performance | p-Value | OR (95% CI) ** |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | |||
| Do you think that your child has good vision? * | 1315 (12.87%) | 8143 (79.69%) | 292 (29.03%) | 597 (59.34%) | 1023 (11.11%) | 7546 (81.91%) | <0.001 |
0.28
(0.24–0.32) |
| When your child is watching TV, does he/she get close to the screen or squint his/her eyes? * | 7667 (75.03%) | 2230 (21.82%) | 584 (58.05%) | 375 (37.28%) | 7083 (76.89%) | 1855 (20.14%) | <0.001 |
2.45
(2.13–2.83) |
| When your child is reading, does he/she get close to the paper? * | 6860 (67.14%) | 2928 (28.66%) | 450 (44.73%) | 491 (48.81%) | 6410 (69.58%) | 2437 (26.45%) | <0.001 |
2.87
(2.50–3.30) |
| Does your child get up frequently when he/she does his/her homework? * | 5722 (56.00%) | 3960 (38.76%) | 269 (26.74%) | 680 (67.59%) | 5453 (59.19%) | 3280 (35.61%) | <0.001 |
4.20
(3.62–4.89) |
| Are your child’s eyes red after a long visual effort (TV, homework, etc.)? * | 7900 (77.31%) | 1684 (16.48%) | 602 (59.84%) | 322 (32.01%) | 7298 (79.22%) | 1362 (14.79%) | <0.001 |
2.87
(2.47–3.33) |
| Does your child like to read? * | 3142 (30.75%) | 6592 (64.51%) | 683 (67.89%) | 282 (28.03%) | 2459 (26.69%) | 6310 (68.50%) | <0.001 |
0.16
(0.14–0.19) |
| Does your child wear glasses? | 7974 (78.04%) | 1237 (12.11%) | 735 (73.06%) | 157 (15.61%) | 7239 (78.58%) | 1080 (11.72%) | <0.001 |
1.43
(1.19–1.73) |
| Does your child wear contact lenses? | 7009 (68.59%) | 59 (0.58%) | 636 (63.22%) | 14 (1.39%) | 6373 (69.18%) | 45 (0.49%) | <0.001 |
3.12
(1.57–5.82) |
| Does your child suffer from myopia? * | 6643 (65.01%) | 425 (4.16%) | 604 (60.04%) | 46 (4.57%) | 6039 (65.56%) | 379 (4.11%) | 0.231 | 1.21 (0.86–1.67) |
| If your child is wearing glasses, does he/she like to wear them? *** | 267 (21.58%) | 843 (68.15%) | 45 (28.66%) | 94 (59.87%) | 222 (20.56%) | 749 (69.35%) | 0.014 |
0.62
(0.42–0.93) |
* The answers ‘NR/DK’ are not included; ** The odds ratio (and its 95% confidence interval) of answering ‘yes’ to each of the questions for participants with ‘BAD academic performance’, with respect to participants with ‘GOOD academic performance’. Significant p-values and OR (p < 0.05) are shown in bold. *** Only the answers of children wearing glasses are included.