| ADP | Adenosine diphosphate |
| Akt | Protein kinase B |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| BAT | Brown adipose tissue |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| CPT I | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I |
| CPT II | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II |
| EGF | Epidermal growth factor |
| GH | Growth hormone |
| HSL | Hormone-sensitive lipase |
| IFN-γ | Interferon-gamma |
| IGFBP | Insulin growth factor binding protein |
| IGF-1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1 beta |
| IL-2 | Interleukin-2 |
| IL-4 | Interleukin-4 |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| IL-10 | Interleukin-10 |
| IR | Insulin resistance |
| JAKs | Janus kinases |
| LBM | Lean body mass |
| MABp1 | Monoclonal antibody |
| MAFbx | Muscle atrophy F-box |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| mTORC1 | mTOR complex 1 |
| mTORC2 | mTOR complex 2 |
| MuRF-1 | Muscle RING Finger-1 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| NSCLC | Non-small cell lung cancer |
| PGK 1 | Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| PPAR-γ | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma |
| PPAR-α | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha |
| PTHrP | Tumor-derived parathyroid-hormone-related protein |
| SARMs | Selective androgen receptor modulators |
| STAT3 | Activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| UCP1 | Uncoupling protein 1 |
| UPS | Ubiquitin-proteasome system |
| WAT | White adipose tissue |