Table 3.

Goodness-of-fit assessment.

Studies	Mortality Risk			Combined Fatal and Non-fatal Risk					CVD Markers
	CHD	CVD	Stroke	CHD	CVD	Stroke	Carotid Atherosclerosis Disease	Hypertension	Pulse Blood Pressure	QT Prolongation
Log-linear dose-response association model
Deviance a	19.40	22.58	15.98	13.04	7.06	18.54	2.99	20.27	14.02	4.97
Degrees of freedom b	17	22	17	9	4	11	5	21	6	4
p-value c	0.306	0.426	0.526	0.161	0.133	0.070	0.702	0.504	0.029	0.291
R2	0.320	0.258	0.027	0.537	0.798	0.134	0.844	0.230	0.066	0.185
Adjusted R2	0.280	0.225	−0.031	0.486	0.748	0.055	0.813	0.193	−0.089	−0.019
AIC	0.17	−6.77	6.58	−0.56	1.26	−2.22	3.38	−4.36	4.55	5.58
Non-linear dose-response association model (restricted cubic splines)
Deviance a	17.28	22.81	15.39	5.83	3.94	17.48	1.71	12.94	9.16	3.44
Degrees of freedom b	16	21	16	8	3	10	4	20	5	3
p-value c	0.367	0.354	0.496	0.666	0.267	0.064	0.789	0.880	0.103	0.328
R2	0.373	0.620	0.035	0.512	0.564	0.110	0.892	0.199	0.292	0.435
Adjusted R2	0.297	0.584	−0.085	0.390	0.273	−0.068	0.838	0.118	0.008	0.058
AIC	29.95	5.89	23.86	12.34	10.37	16.45	13.75	23.55	12.16	11.43

CVD: cardiovascular disease; CHD: coronary heart disease. a: Measure of the total absolute deviation between reported and predicted log-relative risk taking into account the covariance structure of the residuals. b: Degrees of freedom from the deviance statistic. c: p-value from test for model specification. AIC: Akaike’s information criterion.