Table 1.

Summary of selected oncogenic miRNAs with their functional effects in glioblastoma.

Major Oncogenic miRNAs in Glioblastoma
MicroRNA	Validated Targets	Functional Effects in Glioblastoma	References
hsa-miR-21	IGFBP3, RECK, TIMP3, ANP32A, Bcl-2, PTEN, HNRPK, TAP63, MSH2 LRRFIP1, PDCD4 (…)	Promotes cell proliferation, invasion, chemoresistance and tumor growth in vivo	[60,61,63]
hsa-miR-26a	PTEN	Enhances tumor formation in vivo	[85]
hsa-miR-19a/b	RUNX3, CTGF	Promotes cell proliferation and G1 cell cycle progression; modulates cell apoptosis and invasion	[86,87]
hsa-miR-93	Integrin-β8, P21	Promotes cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance; induces angiogenesis and enhances tumor growth in vivo	[88,89,90]
hsa-miR-221/222	P27, AKT, PUMA, P57, PTPμ, Cx43, TIMP3, MGMT	Promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance; modulates cell apoptosis and tumor growth in vivo	[75,77,78,79,80,81,82,83]
hsa-miR-20a	TGFβ-RII, CTGF, CELF2, LRIG1	Promotes cell proliferation, invasion and inhibits apoptosis	[86,91,92]
hsa-miR-25	Mdm2, TSC1, P57, NEFL	Promotes cell proliferation, invasion and cell cycle progression	[93,94]
hsa-miR-130b	CYLD	Promotes cell proliferation, invasion and inhibits apoptosis	[95,96]
hsa-miR-210	HIF3α, SIN3A	Promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis; mediates hypoxic survival and enhances chemoresistance	[97,98]
hsa-miR-155	GABRA-1, FOXO3a, MXI1, MAPK13/14	Promotes cell proliferation and invasion and inhibits apoptosis	[94,99,100,101]
hsa-miR-10b	PTEN, BIM, P21, P16, TFAP2C, MBNL2, MBNL3, SART3, HOXD10	Promotes cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, and inhibits apoptosis; modulates tumor growth in vivo	[69,70,71,73,102,103,104]