Table 1.

The main human studies that investigating curcumin effect in colorectal cancer.

Study	Type of Study	Main Results
Storka et al., 2015 [60]	Safety study	120 mg/m2 was the best tolerated dose. Echinocytes appeared at higher doses
Irving et al., 2013 [61]	In vivo study to verify ability of curcumin to be absorbed in colonocytes	Curcuminoids were found in 28 out of 35 biopsy colon samples
Garcea et al., 2005 [62]	In vivo study to explore antioxidant properties	Reduction of DNA adducts
Carroll et al., 2011 [63]	Evaluation of dysplasia after curcumin administration	Reduction of the number of aberrant crypt foci in the colon
Cruz-Correa et al., 2006 [64]	FAP patients receiving curcumin	60% reduction in polyp number and a 50% in polyp size at endoscopy
Cruz-Correa et al., 2018 [65]	FAP patients receiving curcumin	No difference in polyp size and number between placebo and curcumin
Alfonso-Moreno et al., 2017 [66]	Case report of a patient with sporadic polyposis	Reduction in polyp number at surveillance endoscopy
Howells et al., 2019 [67]	Curcumin as adjuvant regimen to FOLFOX	Improved overall survival in the curcumin group
Greil et al., 2018 [69]	Phase I study on patients with metastatic cancer	No variation in tumor size according to RECIST criteria