Table 1.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 16 antibiotics to the vaginal LAB species and strains of this study.
| Species | Strain | Antibiotic a (MIC as µg mL−1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GEN | KAN | STR | NEO | TET | ERY | CLI | CHL | AMP | PEN | VAN | QDA | LIN | TMP | CIP | RIF | ||
| L. crispatus | VA20-32AN b | 2 | 16 | 2 | 16 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 4 | >64 | 16 | 1 |
| VA27-7 | 4 | 32 | 64 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 32 | 64 | 4 | |
| VA27-9 | 1 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 4 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 4 | 64 | 32 | 2 | |
| VA28-12 | 1 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 4 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2 | 4 | 64 | 32 | 2 | |
| VA32-17 | 2 | 64 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | >64 | 64 | 8 | |
| VA32-17AN | 4 | 128 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 16 | 32 | 4 | |
| VA50-4AN c | ≤0.5 | 32 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 4 | >64 | 32 | 4 | |
| L. jensenii | VA04-1AN | ≤0.5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0.25 | ≤0.016 | 0.12 | 4 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | >64 | 8 | 0.25 |
| VA04-2AN | ≤0.5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | >64 | 8 | 0.25 | |
| VA15-2AN | ≤0.5 | ≤2 | 1 | ≤0.5 | 1 | ≤0.016 | ≤0.03 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | >64 | 8 | 0.25 | |
| VA16-11 | ≤0.5 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.06 | ≤0.03 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | >64 | 16 | 0.5 | |
| Breakpoint (µg mL−1) d | 16 | 16 | 16 | - | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| L. salivarius | VA09-4 | 8 | 64 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 2 | 1 | 0.25 | 128 | 0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 2 |
| VA16-20 | ≤0.5 | 4 | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.12 | >128 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| VA37-13 | ≤0.5 | 4 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.12 | >128 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | |
| VA40-10 | 128 | >1024 | >256 | 256 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0.5 | |
| VA40-12AN | 4 | 128 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | |
| VA40-14AN | 4 | 128 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 0.5 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 1 | |
| Breakpoint (µg mL−1) | 16 | 64 | 64 | - | 8 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | n.r. | - | - | - | - | - | |
| L. paracasei | VA02-1AN | ≤0.5 | 16 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 8 | 1 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 4 | 0.5 | 4 | 0.5 |
| VA24-4 | 1 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 2 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.5 | |
| VA26-3 | ≤0.5 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 4 | 1 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.5 | |
| VA27-8 | 1 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 4 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.5 | |
| Breakpoint (µg mL−1) | 32 | 64 | 64 | - | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | n.r. | - | - | - | - | - | |
| L. reuteri | VA15-3 | ≤0.5 | 4 | 2 | ≤0.5 | 8 | 0.12 | ≤0.03 | 4 | 1 | 2 | >128 | 1 | 2 | >64 | 32 | 0.25 |
| VA24-5 | ≤0.5 | 16 | 4 | ≤0.5 | 16 | 0.06 | ≤0.03 | 4 | 2 | 8 | >128 | 0.5 | 4 | >64 | 32 | 0.25 | |
| Breakpoint (µg mL−1) | 8 | 64 | 64 | - | 32 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | - | n.r. | - | - | - | - | - | |
| B. bifidum | VA07-1AN | 8 | 64 | >256 | 16 | 1 | ≤0.016 | 0.06 | 1 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 16 | 8 | 2 |
| VA07-2AN | 32 | 64 | >256 | 32 | 1 | ≤0.016 | ≤0.03 | 1 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 16 | 8 | 1 | |
| Breakpoint (µg mL−1) | 64 | - | 128 | - | 8 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
a GEN, gentamicin; KAN, kanamycin; STR, streptomycin; NEO, neomycin; TET, tetracycline; ERY, erythromycin; CLI, clindamycin; CHL, chloramphenicol; AMP, ampicillin; PEN, penicillin; VAN, vancomycin; QDA, quinupristin-dalfopristin; LIN, linezolid; TMP, trimethoprim; CIP, ciprofloxacin; RIF, rifampicin. b Strains coded with AN were recovered after growth in anaerobiosis. c Strains in bold were subjected to whole genome sequencing and analysis. d Gray-shaded boxes show MIC of antibiotics higher than the corresponding cut-off values, considering those of the European Food Safety Authority [8]. n.r., naturally resistant; -, breakpoint not established.