Table 1.

Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants related to drug-naive patients.

Study population	Outcome in DP	Reference
247 DP and 248 HC	↑ MDA	Islam et al. [139]
77 adult DP and 47 HC	↑ CP in DP at early stage; ↓ GPx activity at late stage	Diniz et al. [140]
19 adolescent DP and 8HC	↓ GSH	Freed et al. [141]
50 aged DP and 55 HC	↑ 8-OHdG	Lindqvist et al. [80]
50 DP and 50 HC	↑ MDA levels and ↓ SOD activity; no differences for CAT	Camkurt et al. [142]
21 DP and 40 HC	↑ CAT and SOD activities	Tsai and Huang [143]
332 symptomatic patients, 141 DP and 622 HC	↑ 8-OHdG	Black et al. [144]
49 adult DP and 49 HC	↑ TBARS and NO; ↓ SH; no differences for SOD	Kaufmann et al. [145]
60 DP and 40 HC	↑ MDA levels; ↓ SOD activity, nitrite and vitamin C levels	Bajpai et al. [146]
322 aged DP	↓ Vitamin C levels	Gariballa [147]
15 DP and 19 HC	↑ MDA and GR; ↓ SOD and GPx1	Rybka et al. [148]
82 adult DP and 94 HC	↑ CP	Magalhães et al. [149]
45 adult recurrent DP and 33 HC	↑ NO	Talarowska et al. [150]
70 aged DP and 35 HC	↓ GPx and GSH levels; ↑ GR and SOD activities; no differences for CAT	Kodydková et al. [151]
38 aged DP and 72 HC	↑ 8-OHdG	Kupper et al. [152]
35 DP and 35 HC	↓ CoQ10 levels	Maes et al. [153]

DP: depressive patients; HC: healthy controls; MDA: malondialdehyde; CP: carbonyl protein; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeguanosine; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive species; NO: nitric oxide; SH: sulfhydryl; GR: glutathione reductase; GSH: glutathione; CoQ10: coenzyme Q10.