Table 1.

Production of IA by heterologous microbial hosts with homogenous cultures.

Hosts	Titer (g/L)	Yield (g/g)	Productivity (g/L/h)	pH	Fermentation type	Reference
No pH adjustment during the fermentation
Pichia kudriavzevii	1.232	0.029	0.0513	Final pH dropped to 3.9	Fed-batch	This study
Yarrowia lipolytica	22.03	0.056	0.111	Final pH dropped to 2.38	Fed-batch	Zhao et al. (2019)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	0.815	0.041	0.00485	Starting at 5.0	Batch	Young et al. (2018)
pH was adjusted to more favorable condition
Escherichia coli	47	0.448	0.39	6.9	Fed-batch	Harder et al. (2018)
Corynebacterium glutamicum	7.8	0.29	0.27	7.0	Batch	Otten et al. (2015)