Table 2.
Prevalence of Incorrect Posture among Chinese Children and Adolescents (N = 595,057)
| Variables | N (%) | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 5,95,057 (100.0) | – |
| High and low shoulder | ||
| Normal | 2,69,560 (45.3) | 45.1%–45.6% |
| Left shoulder height | 1,79,707 (30.2) | 30.0%–30.5% |
| Right shoulder height | 1,45,790 (24.5) | 24.2%–24.7% |
| Scapula tilt | ||
| Normal | 3,43,942 (57.8) | 57.6%–58.1% |
| Tilt to the left | 1,49,954 (25.2) | 25.0%–25.5% |
| Tilt to the right | 1,01,161 (17.0) | 16.8%–17.1% |
| Pelvic tilt | ||
| Normal | 5,48,642 (92.2) | 92.0%–92.3% |
| Tilt to the left | 22,612 (3.8) | 3.7%–3.9% |
| Tilt to the right | 23,803 (4.0) | 3.9%–4.2% |
| Flat back | ||
| Normal | 5,90,891 (99.3) | 99.2%–99.4% |
| Abnormal | 4,166 (0.7) | 0.6%–0.8% |
| Thoracic kyphosis | ||
| Normal | 5,78,990 (97.3) | 97.2%–97.4% |
| Abnormal | 16,067 (2.7) | 2.6%–2.8% |
| Lumbar concave | ||
| Normal | 4,58,193 (77.0) | 76.8%–77.2% |
| Left concave | 55,340 (9.3) | 9.2%–9.4% |
| Right concave | 81,524 (13.7) | 13.5%–13.8% |
| Lumbar lordosis | ||
| Normal | 5,92,081 (99.5) | 99.4%–99.6% |
| Abnormal | 2,976 (0.5) | 0.4%–0.6% |
| Lumbar kyphosis | ||
| Normal | 5,93,866 (99.8) | 99.7%–99.9% |
| Abnormal | 1,191 (0.2) | 0.1%–0.3% |
| Angle of thoracic rotation | ||
| Normal (ATR: 0–5°) | 5,86,131 (98.5) | 98.4%–98.6% |
| Rotate to the left (ATR>5°) | 2,380 (0.4) | 0.3%–0.5% |
| Rotate to the right (ATR>5°) | 6,546 (1.1) | 1.0%–1.2% |
| Angle of lumbar rotation | ||
| Normal (ATR: 0–5°) | 5,82,560 (97.9) | 97.8%–98.0% |
| Rotate to the left (ATR>5°) | 9,520 (1.6) | 1.5%–1.7% |
| Rotate to the right (ATR>5°) | 2,977 (0.5) | 0.4%–0.6% |
| Angle of thoracolumbar rotation | ||
| Normal (ATR: 0–5°) | 5,92,676 (99.6) | 99.5%–99.7% |
| Rotate to the left (ATR>5°) | 1,190 (0.2) | 0.1%–0.3% |
| Rotate to the right (ATR>5°) | 1,191 (0.2) | 0.1%–0.3% |
| Incorrect posturea | ||
| Normal | 2,06,484 (34.7) | 34.5%–35.0% |
| Abnormal | 3,88,573 (65.3) | 65.0%–65.5% |
| Referral for radiographyb | ||
| No | 5,73,039 (96.3) | 96.2%–96.4% |
| Yes | 22,018 (3.7) | 3.6%–3.8% |
N, number; CI, confidence interval; ATR, angle of trunk rotation.
a
Incorrect posture was defined as participant who was screened out one or more to the following abnormal physical signs: high and low shoulder, scapula tilt, pelvic tilt, flat back, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar concave, lumbar lordosis, lumbar kyphosis, angle of thoracic rotation>5°, angle of lumbar rotation>5°, angle of thoracolumbar rotation>5°.
b
Referral for radiography: an angle of trunk (thoracic, lumbar or thoracolumbar) rotation of 5° was the recommended threshold for referral to radiography.