Table 1.
Percentage of sealer penetration (mean ± SD; median (IQR)) at the 2 and 4 mm sections.
| Percentage of penetration (%) | 2 mm | 4 mm | p ∗ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDA | Mean ± SD | 35.31 ± 29.87a | 44.89 ± 26.93a | 0.372 |
| Median (IQR) | 32.87 (11.73-54.61) | 44.67 (30.76-47.89) | ||
|
| ||||
| SI | Mean ± SD | 39.6 ± 21.62a | 52.68 ± 20.96a | 0.130 |
| Median (IQR) | 42.32 (28.27-52.97) | 51.27 (39.61-67.82) | ||
|
| ||||
| PUI | Mean ± SD | 35.26 ± 28.95a | 55.96 ± 25.37a | 0.065 |
| Median (IQR) | 33.1 (11.21-55.7) | 52.67 (32.01-63.52) | ||
|
| ||||
| CI | Mean ± SD | 35.93 ± 23.03a | 49.27 ± 18.28a | 0.101 |
| Median (IQR) | 32.82 (13.71-54.66) | 51.27 (37.49-65.32) | ||
|
| ||||
| Control | Mean ± SD | 0.87 ± 1.2b | 1.56 ± 1.5b | 0.373 |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0-2.18) | 2 (0-2.91) | ||
|
| ||||
| p ∗∗ | 0.043 | 0.003 | ||
MDA: manual dynamic activation; SI: sonic irrigation; PUI: passive ultrasonic irrigation; CI: conventional needle irrigation; SD: standard deviation; IQR: the interquartile range. ∗Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). ∗∗Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Superscript letters show statistical difference in a column. Dunn's multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).