Table 2.
Maximum depth of sealer penetration (μm) (mean ± SD; median (IQR)) at the 2 and 4 mm sections.
| Maximum depth of sealer penetration (μm) | 2 mm | 4 mm | p ∗ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDA | Mean ± SD | 430.9 ± 420.57a | 652.69 ± 385.26a | 0.169 |
| Median (IQR) | 450.59 (0-729.29) | 601.07 (399.1-1095.35) | ||
|
| ||||
| SI | Mean ± SD | 302.61 ± 324.98a | 504.67 ± 455.42a | 0.210 |
| Median (IQR) | 272.15 (0-633.08) | 338.4 (0-842) | ||
|
| ||||
| PUI | Mean ± SD | 378.95 ± 288.87a | 568.95 ± 269.8a | 0.065 |
| Median (IQR) | 247.45 (157.43-656.83) | 579.99 (335.1-823) | ||
|
| ||||
| CI | Mean ± SD | 470.06 ± 355.28a | 5369.17 ± 18594.1a | 0.467 |
| Median (IQR) | 511.11 (64.53-725.68) | 524.05 (307-900.55) | ||
|
| ||||
| Control | Mean ± SD | 24.55 ± 33.73b | 38.97 ± 36.5b | 0.577 |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0-61.37) | 53.32 (0-70.77) | ||
|
| ||||
| p ∗∗ | 0.036 | 0.048 | ||
MDA: manual dynamic activation; SI: sonic irrigation; PUI: passive ultrasonic irrigation; CI: conventional needle irrigation; SD: standard deviation; IQR: the interquartile range. ∗Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). ∗∗Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Superscript letters show statistical difference in a column. Dunn's multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).