Table 1.
Comparison of general characteristics of the two groups of patients.
| Nondiabetic (N = 483) | Diabetic (N = 161) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 78.0 ± 8.6 | 77.3 ± 7.6 | 0.310 |
| Gender (n (%)) | 0.066 | ||
| Male | 170 (35.2) | 44 (27.4) | |
| Female | 313 (64.8) | 117 (72.7) | |
| Substance use (n (%)) | |||
| Smoking habit | 81 (16.8) | 13 (8.1) | 0.007 |
| Alcohol misuse | 51 (10.6) | 17 (10.6) | 1.000 |
| Laboratory test | |||
| Haemoglobin (g/l) | 113.0 ± 19.2 | 114.0 ± 20.4 | 0.568 |
| Serum albumin (g/l) | 36.8 ± 4.6 | 37.6 ± 4.0 | 0.035 |
| eGFR (ml min−1·1.73 m−2) | 75.4 ± 21.1 | 70.6 ± 24.3 | 0.027 |
| BMD at the neck of the femur (g/cm3) | 0.55 ± 0.22 | 0.59 ± 0.22 | 0.193 |
| BMD at the spine (g/cm3) | 0.50 ± 0.35 | 0.54 ± 0.37 | 0.255 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (n (%)) | 0.891 | ||
| 0–2 | 441 (91.3) | 145 (90.1) | |
| 3-4 | 39 (8.1) | 15 (9.3) | |
| 5–6 | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Mean | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.051 |
| Comorbidity (n (%)) | |||
| Hypertension | 195 (40.4) | 114 (70.8) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 69 (14.3) | 37 (23.0) | 0.010 |
| Cardiac failure | 29 (6.0) | 10 (6.2) | 0.924 |
| Cerebrovascular accidents | 68 (14.1) | 29 (18.0) | 0.227 |
| Kidney disease | 23 (4.8) | 18 (11.2) | 0.004 |
| Respiratory disease | 63 (13.0) | 19 (11.8) | 0.682 |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 32 (6.6) | 5 (3.1) | 0.176 |
| Cancer | 27 (5.6) | 9 (5.6) | 1.000 |
| Previous fracture (n (%)) | 55 (11.4) | 18 (11.2) | 0.943 |
| Preinjury activity (n (%)) | 0.348 | ||
| Grade I | 380 (90.7) | 134 (91.8) | |
| Grade II | 31 (7.4) | 9 (6.2) | |
| Grade III | 8 (1.9) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Grade IV | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Fracture type (n (%)) | 0.689 | ||
| Femoral neck | 282 (58.6) | 92 (57.1) | |
| Trochanteric | 193 (40.0) | 65 (40.4) | |
| Subtrochanteric | 7 (1.4) | 4 (2.5) | |
| Time awaiting surgery (days) | 5.0 (4.0–8.0) | 6.0 (5.0–8.0) | 0.031 |
| Therapeutic regimen (n (%)) | 0.47 | ||
| No surgery | 106 (21.9) | 31 (19.3) | |
| Underwent surgery | 377 (78.1) | 130 (80.7) | |
| Surgical treatment (n (%)) | 0.238 | ||
| Internal fixation | 76 (20.2) | 34 (26.2) | |
| Hemiarthroplasty | 153 (40.6) | 54 (41.5) | |
| Total hip replacement | 148 (39.3) | 42 (32.3) | |
| Antiosteoporosis medication (n (%)) | |||
| Prescribed after hip fracture | 146 (34.8) | 50 (34.2) | 0.896 |
| Continuous users in the 12 months | 80 (19.1) | 25 (17.1) | 0.598 |
Data are represented as mean (SD), median (IQR), or n (%). eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMD, bone mineral density.