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General evaluation of rats in each group. (a) The number of fecal peritonitis death and AL occurred in all experimental groups. (b) Body weight change of rats in the first five groups; rats were weighed at the beginning of the study, during the first operation, and during relaparotomy. Unpaired Student's t-test was used to calculate statistical significance. Results are presented as means ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01.
