Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants in rural Shandong, China, 2016
| Characteristics | N (%) | OR | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observations | 3113 (100) | – | – |
| Age (years) | |||
| ≤ 45 | 60 (1.90) | 1.0 | |
| 45–60 | 787 (25.3) | 3.01 | 0.72–12.57 |
| 60–70 | 1338 (43.0) | 4.42 | 1.07–18.25* |
| > 70 | 928 (29.8) | 6.46 | 1.56–26.70* |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1142 (36.7) | 1.0 | |
| Female | 1971 (63.3) | 1.17 | 0.94–1.45 |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 64 (2.1) | 1.0 | |
| Married | 2571 (82.6) | 1.98 | 0.72–5.49 |
| Bereft of spouse a | 478 (15.4) | 4.92 | 1.75–13.82** |
| Complications | |||
| 0 | 2009 (64.5) | 1.0 | |
| 1 | 1013 (32.5) | 5.18 | 4.12–6.53*** |
| ≥ 2 | 91 (3.0) | 13.736 | 8.76–21.55*** |
| Education | |||
| None | 1391 (44.7) | 1.0 | |
| Primary school | 1057 (34.0) | 0.61 | 0.48–0.76*** |
| Junior school | 517 (16.6) | 0.49 | 0.35–0.68*** |
| Senior school or above | 148 (4.8) | 0.58 | 0.34–0.99* |
| Household income | |||
| Q4b | 755 (24.2) | 1.0 | |
| Q1 | 783 (25.2) | 3.75 | 2.69–5.21*** |
| Q2 | 774 (24.9) | 2.17 | 1.53–3.07*** |
| Q3 | 801 (25.7) | 1.78 | 1.24–2.53* |
| Health insurancec | |||
| URBMI | 2983 (95.8) | 1.0 | |
| UEBMI | 40 (1.3) | 0.33 | 0.08–1.36 |
| CMI | 11 (0.4) | 0.62 | 0.08–4.87 |
| Others d | 79 (2.5) | 0.51 | 0.22–1.18 |
| Duration of disease (years) | |||
| ≤ 5 | 1031 (33.1) | 1.0 | |
| 5–10 | 1050 (33.7) | 1.26 | 0.96–1.65 |
| 10–15 | 397 (12.8) | 1.74 | 1.25–2.41** |
| > 15 | 635 (20.4) | 1.83 | 1.38–2.43*** |
| In-Patient | |||
| No | 2699 (86.7) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 414 (13.3) | 16.58 | 12.99–21.14*** |
| Out-Patient | |||
| No | 2703 (86.8) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 410 (13.2) | 3.29 | 2.58–4.20*** |
| Dibaoe | |||
| No | 2943 (94.5) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 170 (5.5) | 2.29 | 1.59–3.29*** |
| Be in debt | |||
| No | 2707 (87.0) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 406 (13.0) | 0.99 | 0.66–1.24 |
| Head of household | |||
| No | 1424 (45.7) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 1689 (54.3) | 1.31 | 1.06–1.61* |
| Head of household’s gender | |||
| Male | 2415 (77.6) | 1.0 | |
| Female | 698 (22.4) | 1.71 | 1.36–2.14* |
| Family size | |||
| ≤ 4 | 2858 (91.8) | 1.0 | |
| > 4 | 255 (8.2) | 0.41 | 0.24–0.68** |
| Living arrangement | |||
| Others | 642 (20.6) | 1.0 | |
| Empty-nest single | 440 (14.1) | 4.32 | 2.99–6.24*** |
| Empty-nest couple | 2031 (65.2) | 1.88 | 1.36–2.60*** |
a 8 divorced participants are categorized into the group “Bereft of spouse”
b Quartile 1(Q1) is the poorest and Quartile 4(Q4) is the richest
cURBMI Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance, UEBMI Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance, CMI Commercial Medical Insurance
d40 uninsured patients are categorized into the group “others”
e “Dibao” means low-income households in China, which living and medical aids from municipal governments and other welfare programs
*** Ρ < 0.001, ** Ρ < 0.01, * Ρ < 0.05