Table 7.
Association of phenotypic and DNAm-based predictors of smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI and education with mortality
| Minimally adjusteda | Fully adjustedb | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | N | HR | ll | ul | P value | Nc | HR | ll | ul | P value | |
| Self-reported phenotype | |||||||||||
| Ever vs never smoker | 364 | 3.29 | 1.75 | 6.18 | 2.22 × 10−4 | 364 | 2.21 | 1.14 | 4.30 | 0.019 | |
| Hazardous to harmful drinker vs not | 364 | 1.62 | 1.06 | 2.49 | 0.027 | 364 | 1.34 | 0.86 | 2.09 | 0.202 | |
| Higher education vs school education | 364 | 0.81 | 0.54 | 1.22 | 0.320 | 364 | 0.87 | 0.57 | 1.31 | 0.503 | |
| BMI | 248 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.99 | 0.028 | 248 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.664 | |
| DNAm score | |||||||||||
| Smoking | |||||||||||
| McCartney LASSO (233 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.53 | 1.24 | 1.88 | 7.89 × 10-5 | 364 | 1.20 | 0.94 | 1.52 | 0.144 | |
| Trejo Bayesian (59 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.70 | 1.37 | 2.11 | 1.49 × 10-6 | 364 | 1.26 | 0.93 | 1.72 | 0.140 | |
| AHRR (cg05575921) | 364 | 0.59 | 0.48 | 0.74 | 1.72 × 10-6 | 364 | 0.79 | 0.58 | 1.07 | 0.125 | |
| Joehanes (FDR) (18,760 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.70 | 1.34 | 2.15 | 1.27 × 10−5 | 364 | 1.35 | 0.99 | 1.84 | 0.056 | |
| Joehanes (Bonferroni) (2623 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.67 | 1.36 | 2.05 | 7.57 × 10−7 | 364 | 1.38 | 1.04 | 1.83 | 0.025 | |
| Zhang (4 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.48 | 1.16 | 1.88 | 1.48 × 10−3 | 364 | 1.28 | 1.02 | 1.60 | 0.036 | |
| Alcohol | |||||||||||
| Liu (5 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.32 | 1.10 | 1.57 | 2.50 × 10−3 | 364 | 1.19 | 0.97 | 1.47 | 0.094 | |
| Liu (23 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.26 | 1.04 | 1.52 | 0.019 | 364 | 1.10 | 0.89 | 1.36 | 0.357 | |
| Liu (78 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.25 | 1.07 | 1.45 | 5.02 × 10−3 | 364 | 1.20 | 0.99 | 1.45 | 0.067 | |
| Liu (144 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.24 | 1.07 | 1.44 | 5.31 × 10−3 | 364 | 1.21 | 1.00 | 1.46 | 0.052 | |
| McCartney LASSO (450 CpG sites) | 364 | 1.28 | 1.03 | 1.60 | 0.024 | 364 | 1.05 | 0.79 | 1.41 | 0.723 | |
| BMI | |||||||||||
| Trejo Bayesian (144 CpG sites) | 364 | 0.78 | 0.63 | 0.97 | 0.024 | 248 | 0.77 | 0.56 | 1.08 | 0.132 | |
| McCartney LASSO (1109 CpG Sites) | 364 | 0.85 | 0.68 | 1.06 | 0.146 | 248 | 0.77 | 0.57 | 1.04 | 0.093 | |
| Education | |||||||||||
| McCartney LASSO (373 CpG sites) | 364 | 0.76 | 0.61 | 0.96 | 0.021 | 364 | 0.87 | 0.68 | 1.12 | 0.270 | |
N number, HR hazard ratio, ll lower confidence interval, ul upper confidence interval. aSelf-reported phenotypes adjusted for age and gender; epigenetic scores adjusted for age, gender, cell counts and batch effects. bPhenotypes additionally adjusted for clinical variables (TNM stage, HPV status and comorbidity), and a combination of smoking, alcohol intake, education and BMI, as appropriate to the model; risk scores additionally adjusted for clinical variables, the corresponding phenotype predicted by the score of interest and the remaining self-reported phenotypes (excluding BMI). cSample numbers vary due to missing BMI data