Table 2.

Multivariate Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors for CSS and OS among primary prostate cancer patients with PSA < 4 ng/ml (diagnosed 2010–2015)

Variables	CSS			OS
	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value
Age
< 65	1			1
≥ 65	2.949	2.378–3.659	< 0.001	2.318	1.934–2.779	< 0.001
Married status
Married	1			1
Unmarried	1.784	1.451–2.194	< 0.001	1.626	1.366–1.936	< 0.001
Insurance
Insured	1			1
Uninsured	0.836	0.131–6.690	0.836	1.481	0.614–3.574	0.570
Race
Caucasian	1			1
African-American	1.361	1.069–1.733	0.012	1.260	1.018–1.558	0.033
Other	0.662	0.364–1.207	0.178	0.950	0.634–1.424	0.805
T stage
T1	1			1
T2	0.830	0.601–1.148	0.061	0.861	0.733–1.011	0.001
T3	2.249	1.423–3.553	0.003	1.007	0.733–1.384	0.440
T4	49.213	30.094–80.478	< 0.001	15.321	10.237–22.932	< 0.001
N stage
N0	1			1
N1	0.761	0.269–2.150	0.606	1.294	0.891–1.880	0.176
M stage
M0	1			1
M1	0.627	0.221–1.773	0.379	4.198	3.065–5.751	< 0.001
Gleason grade
1	1			1
2	1.385	1.111–1.727	0.004	1.383	1.120–1.709	0.003
3	1.017	0.699–1.481	0.929	1.135	0.806–1.597	0.469
4	1.770	1.240–2.525	0.002	2.960	2.256–3.883	< 0.001
5	2.402	1.648–3.499	< 0.001	6.059	4.725–7.770	< 0.001
Therapy
No	1			1
RP with or without RT	0.346	0.255–0.470	< 0.001	0.316	0.242–0.412	< 0.001
RT without RP	0.599	0.470–0.764	< 0.001	0.608	0.493–0.750	< 0.001

Abbreviations: PSA, prostate-specific antigen; CSS, cancer-specific survival; OS, overall survival; RP, radical prostatectomy; RT, radiation therapy (brachytherapy and/or external beam radiation); HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval