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Scheme of biogenesis of three types of extracellular vesicles (exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) and component of exosome. Exosomes are cell secreted vesicles of ∼100 nm in size and packed with a variety of cellular components including mRNAs, miRNAs, proteins, enzymes, lipids, carbohydrates, etc. The exosome surface is decorated with various membrane proteins responsible for different pathophysiological functions.
