Table 5:

Univariate and multivariate analyses of variables associated with overall survival

Variables	Reference	Univariate model estimate (95% CI)	Multivariate model estimate (95% CI)
All stages
N (upstaged)	N (same)	1.92 (1.84–2.01)	Not included in model
N (downstaged)		1.64 (1.52–1.78)
RATS	Open	0.82 (0.76–0.88)	0.89 (0.83–0.97)
VATS		0.81 (0.77–0.84)	0.89 (0.86–0.93)
Race (black)	Race (white)	0.91 (0.86–0.98)	0.99 (0.93–1.06)
Race (other)		0.72 (0.65–0.80)	0.77 (0.69–0.85)
Grade (III/IV)	Grade (I/II)	1.70 (1.64–1.76)	1.40 (1.34–1.45)
Unknown		0.82 (0.74–0.90)	0.86 (0.78–0.94)
Squamous	Adenocarcinoma	1.61 (1.55–1.68)	1.18 (1.13–1.23)
Histology (others)		1.56 (1.47–1.66)	1.28 (1.20–1.36)
Female	Male	0.60 (0.58–0.63)	0.70 (0.67–0.72)
CDS 1	CDS 0	1.26 (1.21–1.31)	1.18 (1.14–1.23)
CDS 2		1.68 (1.59–1.76)	1.48 (1.41–1.56)
Clinical stage
II	I	2.01 (1.92–2.09)	1.80 (1.72–1.88)
III		2.61 (2.46–2.76)	2.22 (2.10–2.36)
IV		4.21 (3.83–4.64)	3.92 (3.58–4.30)
LNE		1.00 (1.00–1.01)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)
Age		1.03 (1.03–1.03)	1.03 (1.03–1.04)
Stage I
N (upstaged)	N (same)	2.16 (2.04–2.29)	Not included in model
RATS	Open	0.93 (0.84–1.02)	0.95 (0.86–1.04)
VATS		0.81 (0.77–0.86)	0.86 (0.82–0.91)
Race (black)	Race (white)	0.90 (0.83–0.99)	1.02 (0.94–1.12)
Race (other)		0.66 (0.57–0.76)	0.74 (0.64–0.85)
Grade (III/IV)	Grade(I/II)	1.69 (1.61–1.77)	1.49 (1.42–1.57)
Unknown		0.70 (0.61–0.79)	0.78 (0.69–0.89)
Squamous	Adenocarcinoma	1.72 (1.64–1.81)	1.24 (1.18–1.31)
Histology (others)		1.49 (1.37–1.62)	1.26 (1.15–1.37)
Female	Male	0.58 (0.55–0.61)	0.66 (0.63–0.69)
CDS 1	CDS 0	1.37 (1.30–1.44)	1.24 (1.18–1.31)
CDS 2		1.91 (1.79–2.03)	1.60 (1.50–1.70)
LNE		1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)
Age		1.04 (1.03–1.04)	1.04 (1.03–1.04)

CDS: Charlson–Deyo Score; CI: confidence interval; LNE: lymph nodes examined; RATS: robot-assisted thoracic surgery; VATS: video-assisted thoracic surgery.