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. 2020 Feb 27;25(5):1058. doi: 10.3390/molecules25051058

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Proposed antibacterial mechanisms of mono, bi-, tri-metallic NPs with EOs. Combination of NPs and EOs can attack bacteria cell through multiple mechanisms; direct interaction with cell membrane by generating metal ions, disruption of cell membrane, protein dysfunction, DNA damage, inhibition of the electron transport chain, and the regulation of bacterial metabolic processes.