Table 2.

Major chemical composition of various EOs and their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms

Plant Source	Plant Part	Major Chemical Compounds	Microorganisms	References
Fortunella margarita	Leaves	Gurjunene, eudesmol, muurolene	B. subtilis, S. aureus, Sarcina luta, S. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa	[88,89]
Eremanthus erythropapps	Leaves	Germacrene D, p-cymene, 𝛾-terpinene	S. epidermidis	[90]
Euphrasia rostkoviana	Commercial EOs	n-Hexadecanoic acid, thymol, myristic acid, linalool	E. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa	[91]
Pogostemon cablin	Leaves	Patchoulol	H. pylori	[92,93]
Plectranthus neochilus	Leaves	𝛼-Pinene, trans-caryophyllene	S. mutans	[94,95]
Ocimum basilicum	Arial parts	Linalool, methyl chavicol	M. flavus	[96,97]
Salvia sclarea	Arial parts	Linalool, linalyl acetate	E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhimurium, K. pneumonia, P. Aeruginosa, B. pumilus	[98]
Thymus kotschyanus	Arial part	Carvacrol, 1,8 cineole, thymol, borneol	S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. cereus, E. coli	[99,100]
Glechon marifolia	Leaves	𝛽-Caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene	herpes simplex virus type 1	[101]
Myrtus communis	Leaves	α-Pinene, 1,8-cineole	C. albicans, A. flavus	[102,103]
Origanum vulgare	Leaves	Carvacrol	T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, T. floccosum, T. mentagrophytes	[104,105]
Syzygium aromaticum	Leaves	Eugenol, eugenylacetate	C. albicans, Candida spp.	[106,107]
Pelargonium graveolens	Leaves	Citronellol, geraniol	C. tropicalis	[108,109]
Trachyspermum ammi	Leaves	Thymol, 𝛼-pinene,	Japanese encephalitis virus	[110,111]
Lepechinia salviifolia	Leaves	Germacrene D	Herpes simplex virus type 1	[112]
Lavandula x intermedia	EOs	Linalool, camphor and 1,8-cineole	L. monocytogenes	[113,114]
Thymus vulgaris	Leaves	Carvacrol	M. furfur	[115]
Mentha piperita L.	Leaves	Menthol	C. albicans, C. tropicalis, P. anomala and S. cerevisiae	[116,117]
Melaleuca cajuputi	Leaves	1,8-Cineole, linalool, terpinen-4-ol	Aspergillus spp. A. niger	[118]
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	Bark	Carvacrol	Borrelia Burgdorferi	[119,120]
Eugenia caryophyllata	Clove buds	Eugenol, 𝛽-caryophyllene	S. aureus.	[121]
E. loxophleba	Leaves	1,8 Cineole	S. aureus and E. coli	[122]
Salvia officinalis L.	Leaves	1,8-Cineole, α-thujone, camphor	B. subtillis and S. epidermidis	[123,124]
Melaleuca alternifolia	Leaves	Terpinen-4-ol	C. albicans	[125,126]
Coriandrum sativum L.	Fruits	Linalool	E. coli B. bronchiseptica	[127,128]
B. dracunculifolia	Leaves, flowers	Spathulenol, nerolidol,	S. aureus, B. cereus, and P. aeruginosa.	[60]
Ocimum basilicum	Arial parts	Linalool	C. albicans, S. aureus	[129]
Rosmarinus officinalis	Leaves	1,8-Cineole, camphor	C. perfringens	[130]
Epilobium parviflorum	Arial parts	Oenothein B, myricitrin	E. fecalis, S.aureus	[131]