Figure 3. Effects of intravenous (i.v.) recombinant Phα1β administration on mouse cardiac function. (A) Heart rate and (B) blood pressure measured at 2 and 4 h after vehicle, morphine (20 mg/kg i.v.), or recombinant-Phα1β (0.2, 0.6, or 1.8 mg/ kg i.v.) treatment. The mean and SEM are represented by each bar and vertical line, respectively (5 groups with 6 mice per group, 30 mice in total). *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 represent significant differences between Phα1β recombinant and PBS treatments, as analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test (n= 4 to 5).