Table 2.
Concentration of the identified compounds in the water extracts x.
| Compounds | Class | Sub-Class | Concentration (µg/g Extract) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. hippocastanum | H. perforatum | O. europaea | |||
| Gallic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids | 8.92 ± 0.18 b | 79.64 ± 1.14 a | 5.80 ± 0.01 c |
| Protocatechuic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids | 72.53 ± 0.38 c | 761.67 ± 8.00 a | 176.08 ± 3.06 b |
| 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxyphenylacetic acids | Nd y | 4.44 ± 0.17 b | 6.17 ± 0.36 a |
| (+)-Catechin | Flavonoids | Flavanols | 3.24 ± 0.10 b | 62.69 ± 2.25 a | nd |
| Pyrocatechol | Other polyphenols | Other polyphenol | nd | 7.70 ± 0.72 b | 10.26 ± 0.01 a |
| Chlorogenic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxycinnamic acids | 8.00 ± 0.14 c | 2131.99 ± 32.75 a | 11.02 ± 0.16 b |
| 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids | nd | 33.26 ± 0.06 a | 11.75 ± 0.41 b |
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids | 13.84 ± 0.03 c | 102.16 ± 0.93 a | 36.28 ± 0.33 b |
| (-)-Epicatechin | Flavonoids | Flavanols | nd | 118.83 ± 0.92 | nd |
| Vanillic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids | 9.04 ± 0.77 c | 327.80 ± 7.33 a | 41.52 ± 1.16 b |
| Caffeic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxycinnamic acids | 2.75 ± 0.03 c | 14.10 ± 0.07 a | 6.90 ± 0.10 b |
| Syringic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids | 24.63 ± 1.48 a | 23.27 ± 1.86 a | nd |
| 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids | nd | nd | nd |
| Vanillin | Other polyphenols | Hydroxybenzaldehydes | nd | nd | nd |
| Verbascoside | Phenolic acids | Hydroxycinnamic acids | 15.36 ± 0.06 b | 10.66 ± 0.19 c | 4656.28 ± 114.23 a |
| Taxifolin | Flavonoids | Dihydroflavonols | 1.31 ± 0.01 c | 42.63 ± 0.17 a | 3.22 ± 0.29 b |
| Sinapic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxycinnamic acids | 7.52 ± 0.15 | nd | nd |
| p-Coumaric acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxycinnamic acids | 10.62 ± 0.07 b | 45.06 ± 0.41 a | 44.12 ± 0.71 a |
| Ferulic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxycinnamic acids | 2.94 ± 0.15 c | 27.08 ± 0.19 a | 9.56 ± 0.25 b |
| Luteolin 7-hexosides | Flavonoids | Flavones | 3.82 ± 0.05 c | 9.33 ± 0.20 b | 4185.59 ± 85.81 a |
| Hesperidin | Flavonoids | Flavanones | 40.25 ± 2.19 c | 3330.63 ± 19.56 a | 57.16 ± 2.17 b |
| Hyperoside | Flavonoids | Flavonols | 203.66 ± 2.50 b | 6164.64 ± 0.73 a | 10.78 ± 0.67 c |
| Rosmarinic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxycinnamic acids | 16.90 ± 0.70 b | 64.82 ± 0.02 a | 5.91 ± 0.45 c |
| Apigenin 7-hexosides | Flavonoids | Flavones | 4.65 ± 0.07 b | 2.39 ± 0.37 c | 635.20 ± 14.68 a |
| 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid | Phenolic acids | Hydroxycinnamic acids | nd | nd | nd |
| Pinoresinol | Lignans | Lignans | 14.20 ± 1.10 a | 6.64 ± 1.52 b | 15.57 ± 0.13 a |
| Eriodictyol | Flavonoids | Flavanones | 1.63 ± 0.04 c | 5.48 ± 0.17 a | 2.70 ± 0.01 b |
| Quercetin | Flavonoids | Flavonols | 51.15 ± 0.50 b | 3085.43 ± 124.60 a | 14.011 ± 3.23 c |
| Luteolin | Flavonoids | Flavones | 4.85 ± 0.30 b | 5.57 ± 0.14 b | 97.29 ± 0.18 a |
| Kaempferol | Flavonoids | Flavonols | 7.06 ± 0.74 b | 27.91 ± 4.65 a | 2.58 ± 0.01 c |
| Apigenin | Flavonoids | Flavones | 4.69 ± 0.14 b | nd | 14.78 ± 0.11 a |
x Different subscripts (a, b, c) in the same row indicate significant difference (p < 0.05); y nd, not detected.