TABLE 1.
LF and antifungal MICs for yeast strains used in this studya
| Species | Strain | MIC (μg/ml) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactoferrin |
Antifungal drugsb
|
|||||||||
| LF-S | LF-D1 | LF-D2 | AMB | NYS | FLC | ITC | VRC | 5FC | ||
| Saccharomycetes | ||||||||||
| Clavispora lusitaniae | M2002 | >256 | 8 | 8 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.25 | 0.063 | 0.004 | 0.063 |
| M5619 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| AMMRL1865 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||
| AMMRL1867 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| Pichia kudriavzevii | ATCC 6248 | >256 | 8 | 8 | 0.5 | 8 | 16 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 8 |
| AMMRL1878 | 8 | 16 | ||||||||
| M7603 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||
| M94513 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | S288c | >256 | 8 | 8 | 0.25 | 8 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| M93149 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||
| Kluyveromyces marxianus | M1896 | >256 | 16 | 16 | 1 | 8 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 0.004 | 4 |
| M230550 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| AMMRL1826 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| AMMRL1816 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| Candida nivariensis | AMMRL1900 | >256 | 8 | 8 | 0.25 | 4 | 4 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 1 |
| Candida bracarensis | AMMRL1891 | >256 | 8 | 8 | 0.25 | 4 | 2 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.5 |
| Candida glabrata | CBS138 | >256 | 8 | 8 | 0.25 | 4 | 4 | 0.063 | 0.125 | 0.125 |
| M226760 | 8 | 16 | ||||||||
| M221133 | 8 | 16 | ||||||||
| M6477 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||
| Meyerozyma guilliermondii | AMMRL1830 | >256 | 8 | 8 | 0.25 | 4 | 4 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.063 |
| AMMRL1832 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||
| AMMRL1866 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||
| Candida metapsilosis | M1879 | >256 | 16 | 16 | 0.25 | 4 | 4 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.25 |
| Candida orthopsilosis | M96926 | >256 | 16 | 16 | 0.25 | 4 | 1 | 0.125 | 0.031 | 0.063 |
| M230815 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| M1892 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| M99271 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| Candida dubliniensis | AMMRL1881 | >256 | 16 | 16 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.25 | 0.063 | 0.004 | 0.063 |
| 03-058-3327 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||
| M230642 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| AMMRL1792 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| Candida tropicalis | M230640 | >256 | 16 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 0.031 | 0.25 |
| M481 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| M220708 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| M4754 | 32 | 32 | ||||||||
| Candida parapsilosis | ATCC 22018 | >256 | 8 | 8 | 0.5 | 8 | 2 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.5 |
| M7486 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| M6865 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| AMMRL1875 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| Candida albicans | SC5314 | >256 | 16 | 16 | 0.25 | 4 | 1 | 0.063 | 0.031 | 0.125 |
| 03-266-3110 | 16 | 32 | ||||||||
| 04-022-3139 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| WM229 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| Geometric mean | NA | 12.05 | 12.63 | 0.37 | 5.66 | 1.49 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.31 | |
| Tremellomycetes | ||||||||||
| Cryptococcus neoformans (VNI) | H99/WM148 | >256 | 16 | 16 | 0.25 | 8 | 2 | 0.125 | 0.063 | 4 |
| 571 148 | 32 | 32 | ||||||||
| 571 117 | 16 | 32 | ||||||||
| CH40-01/WM385 | 16 | 32 | ||||||||
| Cryptococcus neoformans (VNII) | WM556/RJ-64 | >256 | 8 | 16 | 0.25 | 8 | 0.25 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 2 |
| 571 114 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| WM626 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| C3-1 | 8 | 16 | ||||||||
| Cryptococcus neoformans (VNIII) | WM628 | >256 | 16 | 16 | 0.25 | 8 | 1 | 0.031 | 0.031 | 1 |
| WM01-59 | 8 | 16 | ||||||||
| Cryptococcus deneoformans (VNIV) | JEC20 | >256 | 8 | 16 | 0.25 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.008 | 0.015 | 2 |
| JEC21 | 32 | 64 | ||||||||
| WM629 | 8 | 16 | ||||||||
| B31-2D | 8 | 16 | ||||||||
| Cryptococcus gattii (VGI) | 2005/215 | >256 | 16 | 32 | 0.25 | 8 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 1 |
| ENV316 | 8 | 32 | ||||||||
| PNG14 | 8 | 32 | ||||||||
| V15/571_103 | 32 | 16 | ||||||||
| Cryptococcus deuterogattii (VGII) | R265 | >256 | 16 | 16 | 0.5 | 8 | 32 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2 |
| 97/170 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| CBS1930 | 16 | 32 | ||||||||
| ICB184 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| Cryptococcus bacillisporus (VGIII) | WM161 | >256 | 16 | 16 | 0.5 | 8 | 1 | 0.063 | 0.031 | 8 |
| VBP62270 | 8 | 16 | ||||||||
| 97/427 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| B13C | 32 | 16 | ||||||||
| Cryptococcus tetragattii (VGIV) | MMRL3013 | >256 | 16 | 32 | 0.25 | 8 | 1 | 0.125 | 0.015 | 2 |
| M250 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| WM779 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| MMRL2650 | 16 | 16 | ||||||||
| Geometric mean | NA | 14.25 | 20.16 | 0.30 | 8.00 | 1.41 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 2.18 | |
a
MICs for LF-D1 and LF-D2 were determined for every strain, while MICs for LF-S and antifungal drugs (AMB, NYS, FLC, ITC, VRC, and 5FC) were determined for a single strain from each species.
b
AMB, amphotericin B; NYS, nystatin; FLC, fluconazole; ITC, itraconazole; VRC, voriconazole; 5FC, 5-fluorocytosine; NA, not applicable.