TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of KPLA patients infected with antimicrobial-susceptible and MDR-HV K. pneumoniae strains
| Variabled | MDR strainsa | Antimicrobial-susceptible strainsb | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Mean age in years ± SD | 76.00 ± 9.40 | 64.38 ± 14.23 | 0.004 |
| No. male (%) | 8 (61.5) | 124 (62.0) | 0.974 |
| Mean Charlson score ± SD | 2.77 ± 2.32 | 2.28 ± 2.16 | 0.431 |
| Comorbidity condition (no. [%]) | |||
| Malignancy | 2 (15.4) | 21 (10.5) | 0.582 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (38.5) | 93 (46.5) | 0.573 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (15.4) | 14 (7.0) | 0.266 |
| Congestive heart failure | 0 (0) | 8 (4.0) | 0.462 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 1 (7.7) | 7 (3.5) | 0.441 |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 0 (0) | 14 (7.0) | 0.324 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 0 (0) | 5 (2.5) | 1.000 |
| Collagen vascular disease | 1 (7.7) | 3 (1.5) | 0.224 |
| Originc (no. [%]) | 0.930 | ||
| Cryptogenic | 11 (84.6) | 171 (85.5) | |
| Biliary tract origin | 2 (15.4) | 29 (14.5) | |
| Abscess location (no. [%]) | 0.840 | ||
| Right lobe | 9 (69.2) | 135 (67.5) | |
| Left lobe | 3 (23.1) | 38 (19.0) | |
| Both lobes | 1 (7.7) | 27 (13.5) | |
| Abscess size (no. [%]) | 0.280 | ||
| <5 cm | 3 (23.1) | 76 (38.0) | |
| ≥5 cm | 10 (76.9) | 124 (62.0) | |
| Gas-forming abscess (no. [%]) | 2 (15.4) | 24 (12.0) | 0.718 |
| Multiple abscesses (no. [%]) | 1 (7.7) | 44 (22.0) | 0.221 |
| Ocular and/or central nervous system infections (no. [%]) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.5) | 1.000 |
| Capsular type K1 and K2 (no. [%]) | 11 (84.6) | 150 (75.0) | 0.434 |
| Invasive procedures and devices at onset of infection (no. [%]) | |||
| Central venous catheter | 1 (7.7) | 6 (3.0) | 0.358 |
| Nasogastric/Nasojejunal tube | 1 (7.7) | 8 (4.0) | 0.521 |
| Urinary catheter | 0 (0) | 13 (6.5) | 0.343 |
| Endotracheal tube | 1 (7.7) | 5 (2.5) | 0.273 |
| Surgical drainage | 0 (0) | 2 (1.0) | 1.000 |
| Prior any antibiotic exposure within one month (no. [%]) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (1.5) | 0.224 |
| Mean APACHE II score ± SD | 15.46 ± 7.30 | 11.43 ± 7.20 | 0.051 |
| Clinical outcomes (no. [%]) | |||
| Appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy | 11 (84.6) | 199 (99.5) | 0.010 |
| Definitive treatment with cephalosporins | 7 (53.8) | 139 (69.5) | 0.239 |
| Definitive treatment with carbapenems | 3 (23.1) | 26 (13.0) | 0.305 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 4 (30.8) | 51 (25.5) | 0.674 |
| Hospital days, mean ± SD | 26.62 ± 14.15 | 30.85 ± 30.43 | 0.619 |
| Septic shock | 3 (23.1) | 44 (22.0) | 0.928 |
| In-hospital mortality | 1 (7.7) | 10 (5.0) | 0.671 |
| Infection related mortality | 1 (7.7) | 9 (4.5) | 0.598 |
a
n = 13.
b
n = 200.
c
Cryptogenic KPLA was defined as those cases without obvious extrahepatic source of infection; biliary KPLA was defined when the clinical features of cholecystitis/cholangitis or extrahepatic biliary ductal abnormalities were identified by image studies.
d
SD, standard deviation; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation.