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. 2020 Apr 15;11:320. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00320

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Copyright © 2020 Keshavarz, Jo, Edosa and Han.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relative expression profiles of TmPGRP-LE in the whole body, fat body, gut, and hemocytes of T. molitor young (10th–12th instar) larvae, after experimental challenge with E. coli (A), S. aureus (B), and C. albicans (C) (n = 20 per treatment group per time point) at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h post-infection were examined by qRT-PCR. TmPGRP-LE mRNA levels were normalized against the internal control, T. molitor 60S ribosomal protein L27a (TmL27a), followed by normalization against the average relative expression of PBS-challenged controls. Each vertical bar represents mean ± SE. Statistical differences are denoted by asterisks (*) (p < 0.05).