Table 3.
Weighted Logistic Regression of Severe Social Isolation (n = 308) and Social Isolation (n = 1,401) NHATS, United States, 2011
| Severe social isolation | Social isolation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Age | ||||
| 65–69 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 70–74 | 1.38 (0.89,2.16) | 0.95 (0.59,1.53) | 1.12 (0.89,1.39) | 0.92 (0.74,1.14) |
| 75–79 | 1.00 (0.64,1.55) | 0.66 (0.41,1.06) | 1.02 (0.83,1.26) | 0.79 (0.64,0.97)* |
| 80–84 | 1.74 (1.06,2.86)* | 0.90 (0.54,1.51) | 1.25 (1.01,1.56)* | 0.88 (0.71,1.10) |
| 85–89 | 2.74 (1.76,4.28)*** | 1.00 (0.63,1.57) | 1.59 (1.26,2.01)** | 0.97 (0.77,1.24) |
| 90+ | 3.81 (2.38,6.08)*** | 1.08 (0.65,1.79) | 2.18 (1.65,2.89)*** | 1.16 (0.85,1.59) |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1.15 (0.87,1.53) | 4.14 (3.09,5.55)*** | 1.53 (1.32,1.79)*** | 2.60 (2.20,3.06) *** |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married/ living with partner | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Widowed, separated, divorced, never married | 211.86 (46.25,970.45)a*** | 259.03 (57.16, >999.99)a*** | 2.53 (2.15,2.97)*** | 2.92 (2.44,3.50)*** |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 1.26 (0.94,1.68) | 0.57 (0.41,0.79)** | 1.03 (0.88,1.21) | 0.65 (0.54,0.79)*** |
| Hispanic | 0.85 (0.43,1.66) | 0.46 (0.23,0.95)* | 0.98 (0.74,1.30) | 0.60 (0.42,0.85)** |
| Other | 0.78 (0.30,2.00) | 0.63 (0.27,1.46) | 1.08 (0.66,1.74) | 0.96 (0.56,1.66) |
| Education | ||||
| More than high school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High school/GED/trade | 2.27 (1.68,3.07)*** | 1.68 (1.19,2.38)** | 1.52 (1.28,1.81)*** | 1.37 (1.14,1.64)** |
| Less than high school | 3.37 (2.38,4.77)*** | 2.18 (1.40,3.40)** | 2.60 (2.20,3.07)*** | 2.15 (1.71,2.70)*** |
| Income | ||||
| ≥$60,000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| $30,000–$59,999 | 1.79 (0.90,3.57) | 1.02 (0.47,2.22) | 1.44 (1.14,1.82)** | 1.23 (0.97,1.57) |
| $15,000–$29,999 | 6.65 (3.72,11.87)*** | 2.07 (1.06,4.05)* | 2.47 (1.99,3.06)*** | 1.68 (1.31,2.15)*** |
| <$15,000 | 9.78 (5.54,17.29)*** | 2.10 (1.08,4.07)* | 3.02 (2.46,3.71)*** | 1.79 (1.39,2.31)*** |
| Geographic county residence | ||||
| Metropolitan | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-metropolitan | 1.00 (0.66,1.53) | 1.01 (0.61,1.68) | 1.28 (1.05,1.57)* | 1.21 (0.93,1.57) |
Note. OR = Odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; NHATS = National Health and Aging Trends Study.
aThese unstable estimates for ORs and CIs are associated with small cell size. Only three participants were married or living with a partner in the severe social isolation group.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .0001.