Table 4. Cox regression analysis of potential confounding variables conducted for the TCGA (N = 122), GSE6891 (N = 439), and meta-cohort (N = 561).
A) Simple Cox Regression | ||||||||||||||||
TCGA cohort (N = 122) | GSE6891 cohort (N = 439) | AML meta-cohort (N = 561) | ||||||||||||||
N | Events | HR | 95% CI | P | N | Events | HR | 95% CI | P | N | Events | HR | 95% CI | P | ||
MAGS | HSC | 37 | 32 | 1 | 120 | 93 | 1 | 157 | 125 | 1 | ||||||
MEP | 26 | 15 | 0.523 | 0.282–0.971 | 0.040* | 108 | 56 | 0.491 | 0.352–0.685 | 2.75E-05*** | 134 | 71 | 0.486 | 0.363–0.650 | 1.26E-06*** | |
GMP | 40 | 26 | 0.595 | 0.353–1.005 | 0.052 | 147 | 89 | 0.632 | 0.472–0.846 | 0.002** | 187 | 115 | 0.622 | 0.483–0.802 | 2.50E-04*** | |
UC | 19 | 9 | 0.309 | 0.146–0.652 | 0.002** | 64 | 40 | 0.666 | 0.460–0.965 | 0.032* | 83 | 49 | 0.580 | 0.417–0.807 | 0.001** | |
Cytogenetic riska | GOOD | 24 | 10 | 1 | 97 | 40 | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||
INTER | 60 | 42 | 2.636 | 1.319–5.268 | 0.006** | 247 | 160 | 1.900 | 1.341–2.690 | 3.02E-04*** | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
POOR | 35 | 27 | 2.828 | 1.362–5.872 | 0.005** | 85 | 69 | 3.222 | 2.173–4.778 | 5.84E-09*** | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
UC | 3 | 3 | 8.159 | 2.188–30.431 | 0.002** | 10 | 9 | 3.801 | 1.839–7.857 | 3.14E-04*** | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
FABb | M0 | 13 | 9 | 1 | 16 | 13 | 1 | 29 | 22 | 1 | ||||||
M1 | 28 | 21 | 1.773 | 0.805–3.904 | 0.155 | 94 | 60 | 0.646 | 0.355–1.177 | 0.153 | 122 | 81 | 0.772 | 0.481–1.236 | 0.281 | |
M2 | 27 | 17 | 1.156 | 0.520–2.659 | 0.697 | 104 | 64 | 0.629 | 0.346–1.142 | 0.128 | 131 | 81 | 0.698 | 0.435–1.119 | 0.135 | |
M3 | 6 | 3 | 0.542 | 0.146–2.013 | 0.360 | 24 | 11 | 0.469 | 0.210–1.048 | 0.065 | 30 | 14 | 0.492 | 0.251–0.962 | 0.038* | |
M4 | 27 | 16 | 0.861 | 0.379–1.955 | 0.720 | 79 | 48 | 0.635 | 0.344–1.173 | 0.147 | 106 | 64 | 0.683 | 0.420–1.108 | 0.123 | |
M4E | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 | 2 | 0.325 | 0.073–1.444 | 0.140 | 5 | 2 | 0.330 | 0.077–1.403 | 0.133 | |
M5 | 14 | 10 | 1.957 | 0.785–4.879 | 0.150 | 103 | 72 | 0.780 | 0.432–1.407 | 0.408 | 117 | 82 | 0.846 | 0.528–1.356 | 0.488 | |
M6 | 3 | 3 | 2.452 | 0.649–9.272 | 0.186 | 6 | 3 | 0.415 | 0.118–1.456 | 0.170 | 9 | 6 | 0.702 | 0.284–1.731 | 0.442 | |
M7 | 3 | 3 | 2.311 | 0.615–8.679 | 0.215 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 3 | 1.920 | 0.573–6.429 | 0.290 | |
UC | 1 | 0 | 2.751 | NA | 0.996 | 8 | 5 | 0.869 | 0.310–2.438 | 0.790 | 9 | 5 | 0.865 | 0.328–2.286 | 0.771 | |
CEBPA | NEG | 119 | 80 | 1 | 406 | 262 | 1 | 525 | 342 | 1 | ||||||
POS | 3 | 2 | 1.184 | 0.289–4.851 | 0.815 | 29 | 13 | 0.555 | 0.318–0.968 | 0.038* | 32 | 15 | 0.556 | 0.332–0.933 | 0.026* | |
FLT3-ITD | NEG | 121 | 81 | 1 | 315 | 187 | 1 | 436 | 268 | 1 | ||||||
POS | 1 | 1 | 5.724 | 0.766–42.766 | 0.089 | 124 | 91 | 1.665 | 1.294–2.141 | 7.18E-05*** | 125 | 92 | 1.428 | 1.127–1.811 | 0.003** | |
FLT3-TKD | NEG | 107 | 71 | 1 | 390 | 254 | 1 | 497 | 325 | 1 | ||||||
POS | 15 | 11 | 1.478 | 0.778–2.810 | 0.233 | 48 | 24 | 0.699 | 0.460–1.062 | 0.093 | 63 | 35 | 0.820 | 0.579–1.163 | 0.265 | |
IDH1 | NEG | 116 | 78 | 1 | 405 | 256 | 1 | 521 | 334 | 1 | ||||||
POS | 6 | 4 | 0.772 | 0.282–2.114 | 0.614 | 31 | 19 | 0.901 | 0.565–1.436 | 0.661 | 37 | 23 | 0.863 | 0.565–1.316 | 0.493 | |
IDH2 | NEG | 113 | 78 | 1 | 400 | 254 | 1 | 513 | 332 | 1 | ||||||
POS | 9 | 4 | 0.509 | 0.186–1.394 | 0.189 | 36 | 21 | 0.849 | 0.544–1.324 | 0.470 | 45 | 25 | 0.765 | 0.509–1.148 | 0.196 | |
KRAS | NEG | 116 | 78 | 1 | 436 | 276 | 1 | 552 | 354 | 1 | ||||||
POS | 6 | 4 | 0.669 | 0.244–1.836 | 0.435 | 3 | 2 | 1.028 | 0.256–4.132 | 0.970 | 9 | 6 | 1.031 | 0.460–2.311 | 0.941 | |
NMP1 | NEG | 109 | 73 | 1 | 303 | 198 | 1 | 412 | 271 | 1 | ||||||
POS | 13 | 9 | 1.739 | 0.864–3.501 | 0.121 | 136 | 80 | 0.874 | 0.674–1.133 | 0.310 | 149 | 89 | 0.845 | 0.665–1.074 | 0.169 | |
NRAS | NEG | 115 | 77 | 1 | 396 | 253 | 1 | 511 | 330 | 1 | ||||||
POS | 7 | 5 | 1.435 | 0.578–3.563 | 0.436 | 42 | 25 | 0.826 | 0.548–1.246 | 0.362 | 49 | 30 | 0.843 | 0.580–1.225 | 0.370 | |
WBC | WBC | 122 | 82 | 1.002 | 0.998–1.006 | 0.402 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Age | Age | 122 | 82 | 1.041 | 1.022–1.060 | 1.44E-05*** | 439 | 278 | 1.015 | 1.005–1.026 | 0.003** | 561 | 360 | 1.025 | 1.017–1.033 | 2.64E-09*** |
Cohort | TCGA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 122 | 82 | 1 | ||
GSE6891 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 439 | 278 | 0.579 | 0.451–0.744 | 1.99E-05*** | |
B) Multivariate Cox Regression | ||||||||||||||||
TCGA cohort (N = 122) | GSE6891 cohort (N = 439) | AML meta-cohort (N = 561) | ||||||||||||||
N | Events | HR | 95% CI | P | N | Events | HR | 95% CI | P | N | Events | HR | 95% CI | P | ||
MAGS | HSC | 37 | 32 | 1 | 120 | 93 | 1 | 157 | 125 | 1 | ||||||
MEP | 26 | 15 | 0.781 | 0.404–1.511 | 0.464 | 108 | 56 | 0.600 | 0.419–0.862 | 0.006** | 134 | 71 | 0.524 | 0.374–0.734 | 1.69E-04*** | |
GMP | 40 | 26 | 0.780 | 0.445–1.365 | 0.383 | 147 | 89 | 0.723 | 0.537–0.973 | 0.032* | 187 | 115 | 0.593 | 0.443–0.793 | 4.32E-04*** | |
UC | 19 | 9 | 0.467 | 0.213–1.025 | 0.058* | 64 | 40 | 0.742 | 0.508–1.084 | 0.123 | 83 | 49 | 0.561 | 0.398–0.791 | 9.55E-04*** | |
Cytogenetic riska | GOOD | 24 | 10 | 1 | 97 | 40 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
INTER | 60 | 42 | 1.996 | 0.964–4.129 | 0.063 | 247 | 160 | 1.529 | 1.045–2.239 | 0.029 | - | - | - | - | - | |
POOR | 35 | 27 | 1.911 | 0.870–4.195 | 0.107 | 85 | 69 | 2.751 | 1.825–4.147 | 1.36E-06*** | - | - | - | - | - | |
UC | 3 | 3 | 7.440 | 1.928–28,712 | 0.004** | 10 | 9 | 3.036 | 1.445–6.379 | 0.003** | - | - | - | - | - | |
FABb | M0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 29 | 22 | 1 | ||
M1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 122 | 81 | 1.267 | 0.769–2.087 | 0.353 | |
M2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 131 | 81 | 1.266 | 0.766–2.094 | 0.358 | |
M3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 30 | 14 | 1.089 | 0.531–2.233 | 0.816 | |
M4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 106 | 64 | 1.143 | 0.684–1.911 | 0.610 | |
M4E | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 2 | 0.861 | 0.196–3.790 | 0.844 | |
M5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 117 | 82 | 1.595 | 0.934–2.723 | 0.087 | |
M6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | 6 | 1.140 | 0.418–3.112 | 0.798 | |
M7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 2.006 | 0.573–7.021 | 0.276 | |
UC | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | 5 | 1.186 | 0.442–3.181 | 0.735 | |
CEBPA | NEG | - | - | - | - | - | 406 | 262 | 1 | 525 | 342 | 1 | ||||
POS | - | - | - | - | - | 29 | 13 | 0.703 | 0.386–1.283 | 0.251 | 32 | 15 | 0.759 | 0.433–1.331 | 0.336 | |
FLT3-ITD | NEG | - | - | - | - | - | 315 | 187 | 1 | 436 | 268 | 1 | ||||
POS | - | - | - | - | - | 124 | 91 | 1.621 | 1.230–2.135 | 6.04E-04*** | 125 | 92 | 1.542 | 1.193–1.994 | 9.52E-04*** | |
Age | Age | 122 | 82 | 1.035 | 1.017–1.054 | 1.71E-04*** | 435 | 275 | 1.011 | 1.001–1.022 | 0.036* | 557 | 357 | 1.021 | 1.012–1.030 | 4.56E-06*** |
Cohort | TCGA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 122 | 82 | 1 | ||
GSE6891 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 439 | 278 | 0.640 | 0.472–0.869 | 0.005** |
a Cytogenetic risk was excluded from Cox regression analyses conducted for the meta-cohort due to differences in cytogenetic risk group stratification between the TCGA (stratification based on cytogenetic and molecular genetics) and GSE6891 (stratification based on cytogenetic abnormalities only) cohorts.
b Samples recorded as FAB-Mx (N = 1), FAB-RAEB (N = 4), and FAB-RAEBt (N = 13) were removed.
Significance levels:
* ≤ 0.05;
** ≤0.01;
*** ≤ 0.001;
Abbreviations: N, total sample size; HR, hazards ratio; CI, confidence intervals; HSC, hematopoietic stem cells; MEP, megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors; GMP, granulocytic- monocytic progenitors; UC, unclassified; INTER, intermediate