Table 2. Parameter estimation with simulated data.

Parameter value	Estimated value (${\widehat{p}}_0>0.01$)	Estimated value (${\widehat{p}}_0<0.01$)
α = 0.04	0.0082	0.0281
ρ = 0.995	0.9941	0.9947
δ0 = −0.7	-0.739	-0.704
δ1 = 0.2	0.2532	0.4417
${\sigma }_w^2=0.003$	0.003	0.0031
γ0 = 0.35	0.2716	0.3422
γ1 = 0.4	0.5057	0.8848
${\sigma }_v^2=0.002$	0.0019	0.0022
β0 = −4.5951	-4.5458	-4.7015
β1 = 1	1 (set)	1 (set)
${\sigma }_{\epsilon }^2=0.03$	0.0188	0.0058
θ0 = 0.27432	0.24028	0.29978
θ1 = 0.83697	0.83787	0.76209
θ2 = −0.10511	-0.07417	-0.05446
θ3 = 234.22144	239.28030	237.89351
η = −0.005	-0.001	-0.001

We simulated two sets of data with the same set of parameters. For one of them, the approximation for p₀ was slightly less than the true value and for the other it was slightly above.