Table 1. Comparison of weighted proportions of food item consumption in IBD and non-IBD estimated US population, NHIS 2015a,b.
| Weighted, Unadjusted | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBD = Yes | IBD = No | ||||||||
| Food groupsc | Food items | N | Percent | 95% CI | N | Percent | 95% CI | F-testf | p-value |
| Whole wheat grains | Popcorn | 1,306,270 | 44.55 | (38.04–51.26) | 114,468,924 | 51.21 | (50.37–52.06) | 3.840 | 0.0511 |
| Cereal (hot or cold)g | 2,198,692 | 75.34 | (68.72–80.95) | 160,837,887 | 71.52 | (70.81–72.23) | 1.480 | 0.2247 | |
| Brown rice | 1,375,009 | 46.90 | (40.44–53.46) | 112,253,586 | 50.13 | (49.34–50.92) | 0.930 | 0.3362 | |
| Whole grain bread | 2,179,865 | 74.35 | (69.16–78.93) | 171,970,787 | 76.94 | (76.23–77.63) | 1.080 | 0.2999 | |
| Fruits and vegetables | Fries | 2,472,687 | 84.73 | (80.28–88.33) | 178,827,691 | 79.75 | (79.06–80.42) | 5.780 | 0.0168* |
| Salad (green leafy, lettuce) | 2,551,381 | 87.02 | (82.62–90.43) | 202,636,603 | 90.28 | (89.78–90.77) | 2.660 | 0.1038 | |
| Fruit juices (100% pure fruit juice) | 1,812,407 | 61.74 | (55.13–67.95) | 148,915,123 | 66.36 | (65.54–67.18) | 2.010 | 0.1576 | |
| Vegetablesd | 2,760,074 | 94.14 | (90.72–96.34) | 213,878,256 | 95.55 | (95.20–95.87) | 1.020 | 0.3142 | |
| Potato (non-fried) | 2,547,714 | 86.89 | (82.28–90.45) | 190,582,800 | 85.10 | (84.54–85.64) | 0.730 | 0.3937 | |
| Pizza (frozen, fast food, homemade) | 2,375,321 | 81.01 | (74.84–85.95) | 158,123,747 | 82.62 | (81.99–83.22) | 0.320 | 0.5691 | |
| Fruits (fresh, frozen, canned) | 2,700,634 | 92.22 | (88.56–94.78) | 209,302,985 | 93.26 | (92.82–93.67) | 0.440 | 0.5077 | |
| Tomato sauce | 2,395,891 | 81.82 | (76.10–86.41) | 185,708,495 | 83.07 | (82.46–83.65) | 0.230 | 0.6351 | |
| Salsa (made with tomatoes) | 1,873,306 | 63.89 | (57.36–69.95) | 146,030,331 | 65.25 | (64.43–66.06) | 0.170 | 0.6792 | |
| Beans | 2,247,672 | 76.66 | (70.72–81.70) | 173,734,461 | 77.62 | (76.93–78.29) | 0.120 | 0.7334 | |
| Dairy | Milk (cow milk, any type) | 2,087,082 | 71.29 | (65.06–76.81) | 170,380,909 | 75.83 | (75.10–76.55) | 2.180 | 0.1404 |
| Cheese (excludes cheese on pizza) | 2,740,059 | 93.57 | (90.14–95.86) | 206,708,117 | 92.41 | (92.01–92.80) | 0.660 | 0.4184 | |
| Pizza (frozen, fast food, homemade)g | 2,375,321 | 81.01 | (74.84–85.95) | 158,123,747 | 82.62 | (74.84–85.95) | 0.320 | 0.5691 | |
| Ice cream (frozen desserts)g | 2,100,989 | 71.66 | (65.61–77.01) | 159,984,495 | 71.59 | (70.83–72.34) | 0.000 | 0.9815 | |
| Meat | Processed meat | 2,343,122 | 80.02 | (74.79–84.38) | 170,564,974 | 76.25 | (75.52–76.97) | 2.370 | 0.1249 |
| Red meat | 2,696,761 | 92.09 | (88.51–94.62) | 204,199,009 | 91.29 | (90.83–91.73) | 0.280 | 0.5962 | |
| Sweetened food/drinkse | Cereal (hot or cold)g | 2,198,692 | 75.34 | (68.72–80.95) | 160,837,887 | 71.52 | (68.72–80.95) | 1.480 | 0.2247 |
| Cookies (i.e. cake, pies, brownies) | 2,296,673 | 78.33 | (72.43–83.26) | 168,105,863 | 75.24 | (74.50–75.96) | 1.250 | 0.2638 | |
| Donut (i.e. Danish, pastries, muffins) | 1,720,836 | 58.69 | (52.41–64.70) | 125,706,425 | 56.23 | (55.44–57.02) | 0.610 | 0.4355 | |
| Coffee or tea (sugar or honey added) | 1,552,116 | 52.94 | (46.55–59.22) | 122,830,695 | 54.69 | (53.89–55.49) | 0.300 | 0.5868 | |
| Fruit drinks (sweetened with sugar) | 860,899 | 29.36 | (24.44–34.82) | 62,814,773 | 27.98 | (27.17–28.80) | 0.280 | 0.5956 | |
| Candy (i.e. chocolates) | 2,266,853 | 77.31 | (71.39–82.31) | 170,097,045 | 76.12 | (75.41–76.82) | 0.170 | 0.6765 | |
| Sports and energy drinks | 865,600 | 29.52 | (24.47–35.14) | 63,591,743 | 28.30 | (27.56–29.05) | 0.200 | 0.6544 | |
| Regular soda or pop | 1,632,312 | 55.54 | (48.68–62.19) | 125,886,667 | 56.02 | (55.14–56.89) | 0.020 | 0.8899 | |
| Ice cream (frozen desserts)g | 2,100,989 | 71.66 | (65.61–77.01) | 159,984,495 | 71.59 | (65.61–77.01) | 0.000 | 0.9815 | |
aWeighted using sample weight [wtfa_sa] for cross-tabulation with IBD as outcome; Data source: Sample Adult Cancer file from 2015 NHIS Data release source (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/nhis_2015_data_release.htm)
bAdditional details in survey questions can be found in NHIS 2015 Data release website: ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Dataset_Documentation/NHIS/2015/cancerxx_layout.pdf
cFood groups are based on the relationship previously established according the dietary guidelines. Details can be found on https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/nhanes/dietscreen/relationship.html.
dVegetables other than lettuce salads, potatoes, cooked beans in which participant already answered to in previous questions.
eFood items exclude artificially sweetened or sugar-free kinds
fTest of proportion, Adjusted Wald test
gFood items appear in more than one food groups: Pizza, Ice cream, Cereal
*Statistically significant; Below the significance level of 0.05