TABLE 2.
Descriptive statistics of sample characteristics and confounders by ethnic group1
| Characteristic | Total (n = 190) | Pehuenche (n = 90) | Atacameño (n = 100) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex female | 134 (71%) | 64 (71%) | 70 (70%) | 0.993 |
| Age, y | 51.52 ± 17.1 | 48.5 ± 15.5 | 54.2 ± 18.1 | 0.020* |
| Smoking (at least 1 cigarette on 1 or more occasions per week) | 17 (8.9%) | 3 (3.3%) | 14 (14%) | —2 |
| MVPA, min/wk | 387.1 ± 631.6 | 488.5 ± 670.5 | 295.8 ± 582.7 | 0.037* |
| Any physical activity, min/wk | 616.9 ± 776.3 | 685.2 ± 750.0 | 555.5 ± 798.0 | 0.250 |
| Physical inactivity, min/wk | 358.7 ± 174.9 | 250.6 ± 119.8 | 456.0 ± 159.2 | <0.001* |
| % kcal carbohydrates | 55.2 ± 6.3 | 54.6 ± 5.9 | 55.7 ± 6.7 | 0.225 |
| % kcal protein | 12.9 ± 1.9 | 12.6 ± 2.0 | 13.1 ± 1.8 | 0.075 |
| % kcal lipids | 31.9 ± 5.8 | 31.5 ± 5.7 | 32.3 ± 5.8 | 0.375 |
| % kcal ultraprocessed foods | 13.7 ± 6.6 | 15.1 ± 6.9 | 12.4 ± 6.1 | 0.005* |
| % kcal refined carbohydrates3 | 26.0 ± 9.4 | 25.2 ± 9.7 | 26.8 ± 9.1 | 0.264 |
| % kcal traditional foods | 1.7 ± 2.7 | 1.3 ± 2.5 | 2.2 ± 2.7 | 0.012* |
| Food insecurity in childhood | 120 (63%) | 70 (78%) | 50 (50%) | <0.001* |
| Food insecurity mother | 147 (82%) | 81 (92%) | 66 (72%) | <0.001* |
| Food insecurity father | 130 (82%) | 77 (91%) | 53 (73%) | 0.006* |
| Body fat, % | 34.5 ± 8.2 | 35.7 ± 7.6 | 35.1 ± 7.9 | 0.291 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.0 ± 4.5 | 29.4 ± 4.4 | 28.7 ± 4.5 | 0.243 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75.6 ± 9.2 | 76.5 ± 9.4 | 74.8 ± 9.0 | 0.217 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 118.8 ± 17.1 | 118.9 ± 16.8 | 118.6 ± 17.4 | 0.910 |
| Blood cholesterol, mg/dL | 163.0 ± 36.8 | 158.7 ± 37.7 | 166.8 ± 35.7 | 0.133 |
| Blood HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 44.1 ± 13.2 | 43.9 ± 11.1 | 44.3 ± 14.9 | 0.834 |
| Blood triglycerides, mg/dL | 222.1 ± 111.9 | 216.0 ± 116.6 | 227.7 ± 107.7 | 0.475 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 100.7 ± 11.5 | 102.0 ± 11.3 | 99.5 ± 11.6 | 0.156 |
| Blood glucose, mg/dL4 | 138.5 ± 59.3 | 134.9 ± 45.5 | 141.8 ± 69.6 | 0.412 |
| Diagnosed type 2 diabetes | 17 (8.9%) | 9 (10%) | 8 (8%) | 0.820 |
| Time since last meal, min | 174.2 ± 129.2 | 192.1 ± 159.5 | 158.8 ± 94.3 | 0.096 |
1Mean ± SD for continuous variables and frequency (%) for categorical variables. *Statistically significant at P < 0.05. MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
2Less than 5 observations per cell.
3Sample of 8 refined carbohydrate foods.
4Nonfasting blood glucose.