Table 2. Measure of phylogenetic signal for total defensive traits and principal coordinates of the cardenolide and glucosinolate dissimilarity matrices (PCO) using Blomberg’s K. Significant values (p<0.05) are highlighted in bold.

Plant trait	K statistics	p-value (10,000 simulations)
Glucosinolate PCO1 (18.8%)	0.86	0.038
Glucosinolate PCO2 (13.6%)	0.80	0.090
Total glucosinolate concentrations	0.81	0.076
Number of glucosinolate compounds	0.89	0.014
Myrosinase activity	0.88	0.038
Cardenolide PCO1 (16.6%)	1.79	<0.001
Cardenolide PCO2 (12.2%)	1.04	0.002
Total cardenolide concentrations	1.03	0.015
Number of cardenolide compounds	1.25	<0.001