Fig. 3.

Putative flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in buckwheat. Enzymes are indicated in upper-case letters. Identified genes are written under the enzymes. Postulated genes are indicated with [ ]. Dashed arrows indicate uncertain steps. White arrows indicate putative transportation pathways. CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3′H, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase; F3′5′H, flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase; FLS, flavonol synthase; FNS, flavone synthase, GT, flavonol glycosyltransferase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS/LDOX, anthocyanidin synthase/leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase; UFGT, UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase.