Table 2B.

Instantaneous trunk linear and angular velocities and variabilities in all three axes for arm (absent and normal) and task (single and dual) conditions at heel strike of least (white area) and most affected (gray area) legs.

		Single task		Dual task		p-value
		Normal	Absent	Normal	Absent
Inst. trunk linear velocity (cm/s)	AP	4.7 ± 1.8	3.2 ± 1.6	4.5 ± 2.6	3.7 ± 1.9	0.004†
		4.0 ± 2.9	3.0 ± 2.1	3.8 ± 2.9	3.1 ± 2.4	0.016†
	ML	−1.7 ± 15.4	−1.3 ± 15.3	−1.3 ± 15.3	−0.8 ± 15.3	0.062
		1.3 ± 15.8	1.2 ± 15.5	1.0 ± 16.0	1.0 ± 15.8	0.852
	Vert	−17.0 ± 4.0	−15.4 ± 5.0	−16.7 ± 10.0	−15.7 ± 5.0	0.002†
		−15.3 ± 3.9	−13.7 ± 4.2	−14.8 ± 4.0	−15.2 ± 4.7	0.069
Inst. trunk linear velocity variability (cm/s)	AP	3.5 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 1.1	3.8 ± 1.4	3.5 ± 1.0	0.568
		3.4 ± 1.0	3.5 ± 1.1	3.8 ± 1.4	3.6 ± 1.2	0.829
	ML	2.7 ± 0.5	2.5 ± 0.7	3.1 ± 0.8	3.1 ± 0.7	0.491*
		2.4 ± 0.5	2.5 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.7	2.9 ± 0.6	0.228*
	Vert	16.8 ± 0.6	18.2 ± 0.7	18.6 ± 0.8	19.5 ± 0.6	0.191
		18.4 ± 0.6	18.4 ± 0.6	18.4 ± 0.6	19.3 ± 0.6	0.544
Inst. trunk angular velocity (°/s)	AP	6.1 ± 5.2	3.9 ± 6.5	6.0 ± 6.2	4.5 ± 7.4	0.008†
		6.6 ± 4.5	4.3 ± 4.4	7.1 ± 4.8	4.6 ± 5.6	0.005†
	ML	−0.2 ± 6.0	−0.7 ± 7.7	−0.9 ± 7.8	−0.9 ± 7.9	0.844
		0.5 ± 4.7	0.8 ± 5.7	2.1 ± 5.4	1.4 ± 6.9	0.782
	Vert	−2.9 ± 10.5	−3.1 ± 17.6	−3.1 ± 11.3	−3.9 ± 18.2	0.828
		1.4 ± 11.4	4.2 ± 14.6	3.1 ± 14.0	3.5 ± 17.0	0.336
Inst. trunk angular velocity variability (°/s)	AP	3.8 ± 1.2	3.8 ± 1.0	4.1 ± 1.0	4.0 ± 1.3	0.506
		3.5 ± 1.1	3.7 ± 1.0	3.7 ± 1.0	4.0 ± 1.1	0.131
	ML	2.7 ± 1.0	2.5 ± 0.5	2.8 ± 1.0	2.9 ± 0.6	0.620*
		2.7 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 0.6	2.7 ± 0.8	2.9 ± 1.1	0.523
	Vert	5.8 ± 2.0	5.1 ± 2.2	6.5 ± 2.3	5.9 ± 1.9	0.051*
		5.7 ± 1.6	4.7 ± 1.2	6.1 ± 2.1	5.7 ± 1.6	0.025†

p-values from the two-way repeated measures ANOVA are reported for arm swing main effects.

^†Arm swing main effects at p < 0.05.

^*Dual-task main effects at p < 0.05.