Table 1.

Difference between KCs and MoMϕs.

	KCs	MoMϕs
Origins	Fetal liver-derived erythromyeloid progenitors	Circulatory monocytes from bone marrow-derived haematopoietic stem cells
Location	Along the hepatic sinusoids, preferentially near the periportal area	Mainly in the portal triad of the healthy liver
Cell surface markers in mice	CD11blow, F4/80hi, Clec4F+, CD68+, CX3CR1−	CD11b+, F4/80+, Ly6C+, CSF1R+
Cell surface markers in humans	CD68+	CD14+, CCR2+
Functional differences	Induce immune tolerance to innocuous antigens; defend against pathogens; sense alterations in tissue integrity and maintain tissue homeostasis; orchestrate tissue repair after injury; facilitate leukocyte recruitment	Contribute to anti-bacterial responses; replenish KCs after injury; co-existence of subsets with opposing functions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory; pro-fibrogenic and anti-fibrogenetic

KCs, Kuppfer cells; MoMϕs, Monocytes-derived macrophages; CD11b, cluster of differentiation molecule 11B; Clec4f, C-type lectin domain family 4 member f; CX3CR1, CX3C chemokine receptor 1; CSF1R, Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor; CCR2, Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2.