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. 2020 Apr 14;2020:9584567. doi: 10.1155/2020/9584567

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effects of squalene (SQ) and 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene (HEHSQ) on the production TNF-α (a) and CCL2 (b) in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 100 µg/mL SQ or 1 µg/mL HEHSQ for 24 h. Following that, cells were activated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for 12 h. After activation, the levels of TNF-α and CCL2 in the culture supernatant were evaluated using ELISA assays. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments and are expressed relative to the percentage of control LPS (−). The mean value that is significantly different from that of the control LPS (−) group is indicated as ∗∗P < 0.01. The mean value that is significantly different from that of the control LPS (+) group is indicated as ##P < 0.01.