Table 1.

Ti contact angle measurements and PDA detection. When solid Ti discs were exposed to DHC (2 mg/mL), FHBP (2 μM) or a combination of these agents for 2 h, the resultant PDA-Ti and FHBP-PDA-Ti exhibited a significant reduction in the contact angle (* p < 0.001) compared to blank and FHBP-Ti specimens. Treating PDA-Ti and the hybrid-coated Ti with BCA reagent afforded biochemical detection of PDA deposition, expressed as μg/mL DHC equivalents. The inclusion of FHBP had no influence upon PDA accumulation at Ti.

Surface Modification	Blank Ti	FHBP-Ti	PDA-Ti	FHBP-PDA-Ti
Contact angle	66.7 ± 5.1°	65.3 ± 2.8°	54.4 ± 3.9° *	55.7 ± 5.8° *
PDA coating-μg/mL DHC equivalents			2.1 ± 1.04	2.37 ± 0.87