Table 5.
Recent developments in biomedical applications of protein based hybrid hydrogels.
| Protein | Synthetic Polymer | Synthesis | Crosslinker (If Applicable) | Application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type I Collagen from pig skin | PHEMA | PHEMA matrix with inter-connected porous microstructure fabricated by a paraffin template method, which was then used as substrate to adhere collagen fibers to prepare the hydrogel | Without chemical crosslinker | Artificial cornea skirt | [370] |
| Type-I Collagen from bovine | Polyurethane-urea (PUU) | PUU fibrous membrane is fabricated by electrospinning, then PUU is coated by collagen and formed the hydrogel after soaking in collagen solution | Without chemical crosslinker | Urological tissue engineering | [371] |
| Type I Collagen from porcine skin | PVP, a spinnable polymer | Electrospinning. The collagen core was formed by gelation in basic conditions and the shell was PVP | Without chemical or thermal crosslinker | Artificial blood vessels | [372] |
| Gelatin | PNIPAAm | Interpenetrating cryogels | GA | Liver disease modeling (mimic the ECM stiffness of various disease stages of different tissues) | [373] |
| SP | Hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) | Wet-spinning method | GA | Smart artificial muscle with dynamic elongation /contraction pH responsiveness | [374] |
| SP | PEG | Cross-linking with amino and hydroxyl groups in the macromolecular chains of SP | Epichlorohydrin | Smart microsensor and actuator | [330] |
| Gelatin | PPy | Polymerization by FT | GA | 3-D cryogel matrix for peripheral nerve regeneration | [375] |
| SF | PAAm | In situ radical polymerization using ammonia persulfate as a initiator | bis-acrylamide (bis-AM) | Peripheral nerve regeneration | [376] |
| CaM | PEGDA | CaM with two mutated cysteins residues was reacted with PEGDA under UV radiation | No crosslinker | Intelligent actuator hydrogel based on conformational change of CaM in the presence of the ligand leading to a subsequent change in hydrogel volume | [377] |
| Lysozyme | 4-arm-PEG succinimidyl (4-arm-PEG-NHS) | Lysozyme offers free amine groups to rapidly crosslink with PEG | Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an additive | In situ formation of antibacterial cardiothoracic surgical sealants to stop internal fluids leakage | [378] |